Comparison

• Behaviourist -

  • basic assumptions of the behaviourist approach
  • the concept/theory of classical conditioning
  • Pavlov’s research
  • the concept/theory of operant conditioning
  • Skinner’s research.
• Behaviourist + Biological -

  • focus on environmental causes and experience vs focus on internal influences (nature vs nurture). Discussion of the interactionist approach
  • approaches to treatment (e.g. flooding/SD vs drug therapy)
  • use of scientific methods
  • the issue of determinism
  • the issue of reductionism
  • use of animal experiments and extrapolation
  • contrasting implications (e.g. blame, responsibility and social stigma).
• Humanistic approach


  Assumes people have freewill over their behaviour
• Psychodynamic approach


  Assumes behaviour is determined by unconscious factors
• Humanistic approach


  Assumes behaviour is affected by desire to self-actualise (nature) & our experience can provide barriers to this through conditions of worth and varying experience of conditional positive regard (nurture)
• Psychodynamic approach


  Assumes behaviour is driven by unconscious forces, eg id/ego/superego (nature) but our coping mechanisms such as defence mechanisms arise from experience (nurture)
• Humanistic and psychodynamic approaches

  • Much less scientific than other approaches
  • Psychodynamic approach assumes some aspects of behaviour can be investigated scientifically
• Rogers' counselling


  Utilises unconditional positive regard to help clients solve their problems, overcome conditions of worth and enable their potential for self actualisation
• Freud's psychoanalysis


  Can lead to improvements in clients through psychotherapy