Stats

• Chi-squared

  • Nominal
  • Independent measures design
• Man-Whitney U-test

  • Ordinal
  • Independent measures design
• Unrelated t-test

  • Interval or ratio
  • Independent measures experiment
• Binomial sign test

  • Nominal
  • Repeated measures or matched participants experiment
• Wilcoxon signed ranks

  • Ordinal
  • Repeated measures or matched participants experiment
• Related t-test

  • Interval or ratio
  • Repeated measures or matched participants experiment
• Spearman's Rho

  • Ordinal
  • Correlation study
• Pearson's product moment

  • Interval or ratio
  • Correlation study
• Interval or ratio levels of data

  • Highest level of data
  • Made of the scores achieved by individual participants and involves the use of carefully calibrated instruments of measurement.
  • E.g. Time recorded, length in meters ect
• Ordinal

  • Medium level of data
  • Made of individual scores achieved by participants, but only in relation to each other
  • E.g. rating scales ect
• Nominal data

  • Lowest level of data
  • Headcount
• Type one error

  • False positive
  • The rejection of the null hypothesis when it is actually true. 
• Type two error

  • False negative
  • The failure to reject a null hypothesis that is actually false.
• Variance

  1. Find the difference between each score and the mean score
  2. Square the difference
  3. Add up the squared differences
  4. Divide by the number of scores - 1
• Parametric tests

  • Populations drawn from should be normally distributed
  • Variances of populations and data should be approximately equal
  • Should have at least interval or ratio data
  • Should be no extreme score
• Inferential stats test

  • Chi-squared
  • Wilcoxen
  • Mann-whitney U test
  • Sign test
  • Spearmans Rho
• Report sections

  1. Title - single line of description of the study
  2. Abstract - short summary of the report
  3. Introduction - why you did it
  4. Method - how you did it
  5. Results - what you find
  6. Discussion - what you think it means
  7. References - reference to other studies mentioned
  8. Appendices - Include all material e.g. raw data, stats formulae etc