WEEK2

• Special education


  Deeply rooted in the education and treatment of people with intellectual disabilities
• Idiocy


  (derived from a Greek word meaning "people who did not hold public office") - identified people with severe deficits in cognitive functioning in early times
• Imbecile


  (Latin word for "weak and feeble") indicated a less severe degree of intellectual disability
• Feebleminded and simpleton


  Refer to people with mild intellectual disability
• Mental deficiency and mental retardation


  Considered appropriate terminology over the years
• Intellectual disabilities


  Term used since 2007 by the American Association on Mental Retardation
• Cognitive Functioning


  • Memory
  • Short-term memory/working memory
  • learning rate
  • Attention
  • generalization and maintenance
• Trials to criterion


  A frequently used measure of learning rate - the number of practice or instructional trials needed before a student can respond correctly without prompts or assistance
• Learned helplessness


  An individual's expectation of failure, regardless of their efforts, based on experiences of repeated failure
• Adaptive Behavior


  • Difficulties with self-care and daily living skills
  • Challenges in social development and relationships
  • Behavioral excesses and challenging behavior
• Short-term memory, or workingmemory - ability to remember onething while performing another taskStudents with intellectual disabilitieshave trouble retaining information inshort-term memory
• Attention -typically slower to attend

  to relevant features of a learning task

  than are students without disabilities

  and instead may focus on distracting

  irrelevan tstimuli
• Rate - The rate at which childrenwith intellectual disabilities acquirenew knowledge and skills is wellbelow that of typically developingchildren
• Generalization and Maintenance -They have trouble using their newknowledge and skills in settings orsituations that differ from the contextin which they first learned those skills
• Motivation - exhibit an apparent lackof interest in learning or inproblem-solving tasks
• Self-care and Daily Living Skills -They require extensive supports mustoften be taught basic self-care skillssuch as dressing, eating, and hygieneSocial
• Social Development - Making andsustaining friendships and personalrelation- ships present significantchallenges for many children withexceptional needs
• social isolation - Poor communication skills, inability torecognize the emotional state ofothers, and unusual or inappropriatebehaviors when interacting withothers can lead to
• Behavioral Excesses and challenging Behavior - are morelikely to exhibit behavior problemsthan are children without disabilitiesDifficulty accepting criticism, limitedself-control, and bizarre andinappropriate behaviors such asaggression or self-injury are observedmore often
• intellectual disability (also referred to as mental retardation) - emphasize subaverage intellectual functioning before the age of 18, usually defined as an IQ less than 70. Different severity categories, ranging from mild to severe retardation, are defined on the basis of IQ scores
• Specific learning disorders (often referred to as a learning disorder or learning disability) are neurodevelopmental disorders that are typically diagnosed in early school-aged children, although may not be recognized until adulthood. They are characterized by a persistent impairment in at least one of three major areas: reading, written expression, and/or math.
• global developmental delay - This diagnosis is reserved for individuals under the age of 5 years when the clinical severity level cannot be reliably assessed during early childhood. 1. This category is diagnosed when an individual fails to meet expected developmental milestones in several areas of intellectual functioning, and applies to individuals who are unable to undergo systematic assessments of intellectual functioning,
• autism spectrum disorder - This is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects social interaction, communication, and behavior. There is often nothing about how they look that sets them apart from other people. It is characterized by repetitive behaviors, difficulties with social interactions, and challenges with verbal and nonverbal communication.
• ADHD - is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects attention, impulse control, and hyperactivity. It is commonly diagnosed in childhood and can persist into adulthood. is considered a chronic and debilitating disorder and is known to impact the individual in many aspects of their life including academic and professional achievements, interpersonal relationships, and daily functioning
• Down Syndrome - referred to as Trisomy 21. This extra copy changes how the baby’s body and brain develop, which can cause both mental and physical challenges for the baby. People with Trisomy 21 usually have an IQ (a measure of intelligence) in the mildly-to-moderately low range and are slower to speak than other children
• Tic Disorder - Tics are sudden twitches, movements, or sounds that people do repeatedly. People who have tics cannot stop their body from doing these things. For example, a person with a motor tic might keep blinking over and over, or a person with a vocal tic might make a grunting sound unwillingly
• DOWN SYNDROME occurs in 1 of 700 live births and is the most common genetic cause of developmental delay. Down syndrome occurs in people of all races and economic level
• ADHD The estimated number of children aged 3–17 years ever diagnosed with blank , according to a national survey of parents,1 is 6 million (9.8%) using data from 2016-2019. This number includes 3–5 years: 265,000 (2%) 6–11 years 2.4 million (10%) 12–17 years: 3.3 million (13%). Boys (13%) are more likely to be diagnosed with ? than girls (6%)