BEHAVIOR OF LIGHT IN OPTICAL DEVICES

• Mirror-are optical devices that

  permit the reflection of light
• Plane mirror- will always form an image that has the same size as the object
• Two types of mirror

  planar and spherical
• However, because the reflected rays do not change their direction with respect to the incident rays, the focal point of a plane mirror does not exist in its real side (same side as the object). It must be in the virtual side that renders the formed image as virtual.
• Plane mirrors are used at home and

  produce images appear to be as far

  behind the mirror as the image is in

  front. Its only defect is the reversal

  effect, the right side of the object

  appears as the left side appears as the

  right–the image is flipped from left to

  right. It is said to show the so called

  right-left reversal relative to the object.
• Why is the word Ambulance printed

  backward? So that it will appear proper orientation in rear view mirror
• An image is formed by reflection when two or more reflected rays of a point meet at a single point.
• Curved mirror- are commonly

  spherical mirrors. The reflecting surface of a spherical mirror is part of a large sphere.
• two types of curved mirrors

  concave and convex

  
• Curved mirrors

  
• The distance from (Vertex) V to (Principal focus) F is called the focal length
• Concave Mirror , also known as converging mirror, with a surface that curved inward like the inside of a bowl. A concave mirror turns parallel rays into convergent rays.

  Uses:

  • magnifying mirrors for shaving and applying makeup

  • reflecting telescopes

  • making the beam of light in flashlights and car

  headlights
• The type of image formed by a concave mirror depends on the position of the object in relation to the focal point.
• Ray diagram or ray tracing can be used to identify the location, size and nature of the image produced by spherical mirrors
• A mirror with a surface that curves outward is known as convex mirror or diverging mirror.
• Lenses are generally clear optical media that allow the penetration of light rays through them, and then bend them.

  • Converging (positive)
  • Diverging (negative)
• Converging Lens-thicker at the center than at the rim and will “converge” or focus its refracted rays to a single point.
• Diverging Lens-thinner at the center than at the rim and will “diverge” or scatter its refracted rays from a virtual point.
• The image formed by a convex mirror is always smaller than the object, erect, and located behind the mirror.
• The image formed by a concave mirror is larger than the object, may be real or virtual, and is located on the same side as the object.
• A mirror with a surface that curves outward is known as convex mirror or diverging mirror.
• Concave Mirror , also known as converging mirror, with a surface that curved inward like the inside of a bowl.