biobiobio

• Oviparous- After the eggs are fertilized internally, it would complete its development outside the mother’s body. The egg would receive its nourishment through its yolk.
• Ovoviviparous - The eggs are also fertilized internally and receive their nourishment through its yolk. However, eggs will complete its development within the mother. They are then fully developed when they are hatched and released by the mother.
• Viviparous - The eggs are developed internally and receive nourishment directly from the mother’s blood through the placenta rather than from the yolk.
• Internal fertilization - protects the fertilized egg or embryo from predation and harsh environments, which results in higher survival rates than can occur with external fertilization.
• External fertilization - It is the fertilization where the eggs are fertilized outside the body of the organisms. They occur mostly in wet environments. It requires both the male and the female to release their gametes into their surroundings (usually water) and this process is called spawning.
• Among many fish species as well as some lizards, individuals can change their sex in response to social environment challenges. This process is known as sequential hermaphroditism or sex reversal.
• Gametogenesis – production of gametes
• Spawning or mating – bringing gametes together
• Fertilization – fusion of gametes
• Majority of the animals are dioecious, which means that they have separate sexes
• The testes produce male gametes
• ovaries produce the female gametes through gametogenesis.
• some animals possess both male and female organs, making them hermaphrodites.
• Fission - An individual divides into two halves, after which each grows to the original form
• budding - A parent organism produces offspring by growing a tiny replica of itself in the form of an outgrowth, called a bud, on some parts of its body. After the bud has grown, it falls off and becomes an independent and exact copy of the parent
• Fragmentation - Separated pieces of the parent organism can develop into an individual
• Pollination - the first required step in sexual plant reproduction. The male portion of the plant produces the pollen—typically in the flower. A long filament, called a stamen, holds the bits of pollen at the end and one of several pollinators take the pollen to the female part of the flower, called the pistil.
• Fertilization - happens when the pollen arrives at the female part of the plant. The pistil comprises the stigma, style, ovary and ovule. The
• Seed dispersal - The seeds inside the fruit of a plant must be redistributed to make new plants. In nature this often happens when the fruit ripens and falls off the plant onto the ground.
• Germination - the actual birth of the new plant. Once the seed has emerged from its fruit, it will hopefully be in the proper environment to induce a sprout. T
• Seeds - protect the future embryo from harm and only grow when favorable condition exist.
• male gametophyte - the pollen grains that later on develop from the microspores
• female gametophyte - is the embryo sac that develops from a megaspore.
• Tuber - New shoots arise from axillary bud on swollen, short, fleshy, underground stem.
• Runner- New plants arise at nodes of above ground horizontal stem.
• Corm - New plants arise from very short, thickened, underground stem with thin, scaly leaves.
• Rhizome - New plants arise at nodes of underground horizontal rootlike stem.
• Bulb - new bulbs arise from axillary bud on very short stem with thick fleshy leaves