Monohybrid

• Genetics


  The scientific study of genes and heredity of how certain qualities or traits are passed from parents to offspring as a result of changes in DNA sequence
• Gametes


  An organism's reproductive cells, also referred to as sex cells (egg and sperm)
• Genes


  Small sections of DNA within the genome that code for proteins, containing the instructions for individual characteristics like eye and hair color
• Allele


  One of a pair of genes that appear at a particular location on a particular chromosome and control the same characteristic trait
• Alleles


  • Can be dominant or recessive
• Dominant Allele


  The allele that is expressed and masks the effect of the recessive allele, symbolized by a capital letter
• Recessive Allele


  The allele that is not expressed which is masked by the dominant allele, symbolized by a small letter
• Phenotype


  The physical manifestation of a specific genetic trait that signals the inheritance of certain genetic codes, e.g. tall or short, round or wrinkled
• Genotype


  Used to describe an organism's set of alleles coding for each trait, can be homozygous or heterozygous
• Homozygous genotype


  Two identical copies of alleles in the DNA gene sequence that encodes for a particular trait, can be homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive
• Heterozygous genotype


  Genotype carrying one dominant and one recessive allele
• Dominant Trait


  A trait that is always expressed when the connected allele is dominant, even if only one copy of the dominant trait exists
• Recessive Trait


  A trait that is expressed only if both the connected alleles are recessive
• Punnett Square

  A square diagram used to predict the genotypes of a particular cross or breeding experiment, a visual representation of Mendelian inheritance
• Mendelian Law of Inheritance


  1. Law of Dominance

  2. Law of Segregation

  3. Law of Independent Assortment
• Monohybrid Cross


  A genetic mix between two individuals who have homozygous genotypes, or genotypes that have completely dominant or completely recessive alleles, which result in opposite phenotypes for a certain genetic trait