UCSP 1

• Kinship - refers to the “Web of Social Relationships”
• Ferarro and Andreatta (2010) definedfamily as a “social economic unit that consists of one or more parents and their children
• Kinship by Blood - This type of kinship links individuals based on their genetic relations (i.e., their bloodline).
• Unilineal descent - Matrilineal descent(Mother/Female) Patrilineal Descent (Father/Male) Clans (common ancestors) Phratries (the identity of thekinship originator is usuallyunknown, rendering him or her amythical being.)
• Bilateral descent- allows an individual to trace kinship ties on both sides of the Family
• Kinship by Marriage - socially or ritually recognized union or legal contract between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between them, between them and their children, and between them and their in-laws.
• Kinship by Marriage -

  1. Patrifocal (Rule of the father)
  2. Matrifocal (Rule of the mother)

  3. Polyandry (one woman, several men)

  4. Polygyny (one man, several women)

  5. Extended family

  6. Compadrazgo system (ninong/ninang)
• Political organization - any entity that is participating in a political process.
• band - the least complex formof political organization andtypically consists of 20-50individuals who are usuallyrelated to one another by kinship.
• tribe - a political organization that consists of segmentary lineages.
• Chiefdoms - embodied itscharacteristics that include a politicalleader with an advisory council, aleader who exercises power that isbased on legitimacy, and theexistence of social stratification.
• State - refers to a political organization united by a common set of laws.
• • Nation a group of people sharing a similar culture and political history.
• Natural Rights – arethose that are expectedto be enjoyed by allindividuals, regardless ofcitizenship.
• Legal Rights – are those that are awarded to a individual by the state as part of its culture, traditions, and norms.
• Human rights According to the United Nations, human rights are rights we have simply because we exist as human beings - they are not granted by any state.
• Authority and Legitimacy - According to Max Weber, a 20th-century sociologist, every leader has some form of justification as to why he or she should be accorded with such power.
• Legal Authority - It is achieved by a leader through the process of following established codes and procedures governing the allocation and distribution of power and resources within a society.
• Traditional Authority - A form of leadership legitimacy that highlights the right of a leader to rule based on the inheritance of the title.
• Charismatic Authority - a type of leadership that is based on the personal attachment of the subordinates to the ruler whose characteristics, experiences or even skills are believed to be extraordinary, or maybe even supernatural.
• Institutional charisma - Combination of charismatic and legal authority. Usually observed among religious institutions wherein the leader’s authority is accepted based on his or her charisma, but his or her experience of power is limited by the legal structures of the church.
• Familial charisma - combination of traditional and charismatic authority. This is often observed in kingship rules as individuals recognize the right of the king to rule based on his inheritance of the position and his innate extraordinary capacities.