matter and its properties

• Physical property


  A characteristic of a substance that can be measured or observed without changing the identity of matter
• Chemical property


  The characteristics that describes its ability to undergo specific chemical change thus changing the identity of matter
• Intensive property


  Does not change their value when the amount of matter is changed
• Extensive property


  Changes their value when the amount of matter or substance is changed
• Evaporation


  Can be used as a separation method to separate components of a mixture with a dissolved solid in a liquid
• Decantation


  The most appropriate method to use for mixtures of liquid and heavy insoluble solids
• Chromatography


  The method used to separate components of different degrees of solubility using a moving and a stationary fluid
• Physical property


  • Frost forms as the temperature drops on a humid winter night
  • Perspiration evaporates when you relax after jogging
  • Paper was cut into different sizes
  • Purple iodine vapor appears when solid iodine is warmed
  • Ice cream melting
  • An egg turning hard when it is boiled
• Chemical property


  • A cornstalk grows from a seed that is watered and fertilized
  • A match ignites to form ash and a mixture of gases
  • A silver fork tarnishes slowly in air
  • A scab forms over an open cut
  • Gasoline fumes are ignited by a spark in a car's engine cylinder
  • Electric current decomposes water into different substances (hydrogen and oxygen)
  • Yellow-green chlorine gas attacks silvery sodium metal to form white crystals of sodium chloride (table salt)
  • Passing an electric current through molten magnesium chloride which yields molten magnesium and gaseous chlorine
• Intrinsic property


  • Density
  • Mass
  • Specific gravity
  • Hardness
• The first ionisation energy is the amount of energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms
• Electron affinity is the enthalpy change when an electron is added to a neutral atom or ion, forming a negative ion.
• Lattice enthalpy is the enthalpy change that occurs when one mole of solid lattice is formed from its constituent gases at constant pressure