Basic Taxonomy and Principles

• is the branch of biology devoted in naming and describing organisms

  Taxonomy
• Any particular group of animals is called 


  Taxon
• Scientist needs to communicate the results of their research
• scientist must be sure that everyone understands what exactly species was studies in their research
• How many animal species have been described

  1 Million
• How many plant species have been described

  250,000
• Over the centuries, various classification scheme has been proposed. All in hierarchical- reflecting the different degree of similarity among organism
• In the early years, similarity in appearance are believe to be the result of common ancestry, but there were some exceptions
• Modern classification dates from 


  mid-eighteenth century
• Who is considered to the the father of modern taxonomic classification 


  Carolus Linnaeus
• he is a medical student in Belgium

  Carolus Linnaeus
• What year is Carolus Linnaeus

  1707-1778
• Where is Linnaeus studied at

  Belgium
• What is the real name of Linnaeus

  Carl Ingemarsson
• To help pay his tuition cost, Linnaeus was contracted by a wealthy Dutch patrons to catalog all the species in their curio cabinet
• Linnaeus adopted the system of

  Binomial Nomenclature
• He assigned unique, 2-part scientific name derived from latin or greek work for each kind of organism
• the 2-part of scientific name are

  Genus and Species
• Each organisms called by their Genus and Species Name
• A scientific name is always italicized or underlined
• A genus name begins with UPPERCASE, while species name is lower case
• The genus is a noun, and the specific epithet is an adjective that must agree with its noun in both number and gender
• When a binomial designation has been published, then it cannot be used for any other species
• Linnaeus began his work in zoological classification with publication of the first edition Systema Naturae in 1753 at the age of 28
• He subsequently published 12 editions of the systema in all
• Modern zoological taxonomy dates from 10 edition, published in 1758
• Botanical classification dates from Linnaeus Species Plantarum published in 1753
• Linnaeus was such a proponent of his binomial system that he Latinized his own name, changing Carl to Carolus and adopting new last name based on a huge linden tree grew near his father's home
• Scientific name of wise or aware man

  Homo sapiens
• scientific name of coconut tree

  Cocos nucifera
• What is the scientific name of the bacteria that causes serious throat and lungs infection

  Streptococcus pneumonia
• Scientific name of bacteria that causes cholera

  Vibrio cholerae
• Scientific name of spindle tibia 


  Tibia fusus
• A shell that looks like anus or butthole

  Distorsio anus
• It is based on Linnaeus unusual life history and sex reversal

  Crepiula fornicata
• A scientific name of butterfly pea that has the resemblance to human female anatomy

  Clitoria ternate
• Stinkhorn mushroom that looks like male anatomy

  Phallus impudicus
• The author of a new genus of clams that he called Abra did not described the first species as Abra cadabra but another scientist did later
• Alan Solem enjoyed a good pun
• Alan Solem wanted to name the species that came first when all species were listed in alphabetical order, so he described Aaadonta (to precede Aardvark), but he as been displaced by the genus Aa