APWH REVIEW

• 1776 US Declaration of Independence
• 1776 Adam Smiths The Wealth of Nations book
• 1839 first opium war begins
• 1857 sepoy/Indian rebellion
• 1885 Berlin conference + Scramble for Africa
• 1914-1919 WW1
• 1939-1945 WW2
• 1991 end of USSR
• gandis salt March 1930
• japan bombs pearl harbor 1941
• us bombs Japan 1945
• congo crisis 1960-1965
• us invasion of Afghanistan 2001
• Trans-Saharan Trade


  route across the sahara desert. Major trade route that traded for gold and salt, created caravan routes, economic benefit for controlling dessert, camels played a huge role in the trading
• Indian Ocean Trade


  connected to Europe, Africa, South Asia, and China.; worlds richest maritime trading network and an area of rapid Muslim expansion, spread of goods, ideas
• Swahili


  a mixed African-Arabic culture that developed along the east coast of Africa; also, the major language used in that area, combining Bantu with Arabic words and phrases
• Mansa Musa


  Ruler of Mali (r. 1312-1337). His extravagant pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca in 1324-1325 established the empire's reputation for wealth in the Mediterranean world. Richest Man in history.
• Hausa Kingdoms


  1 kingdom divided into 7 states that were connected through kinship, blood, or ethnic ties; had no main central authority but rather ruled each state separate from one another in modern day Nigeria;mainly benefited economically from the trans-Saharan trade network
• Kin-based networks


  families governed themselves and the male was the leader of the family
• Animism


  Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life.
• veneration


  worshiping your ancestors alongside your gods
• Incan Empire


  Formed in present day Peru. Expanded out as far south as Chile and as far North as Ecuador. Best known for their enourmous wealth. Used knotting counting system. Fell due to civil war.
• Mita System


  Incan system for payment of taxes with labor
• Pachacuti


  Ruler of Inca society from 1438 to 1471; launched a series of military campaigns that gave Incas control of the region from Cuzco to the shores of Lake Titicaca
• Mexicas/Aztecs


  -Created Tenochtitlan (city)

  -built their own island bc they were centered in a lake

  -good sanitation, protection, growing food, transportation,

  -Highly urbanized and advanced

  -Good engineers, money, construction

  -had a good calendar

  -Very engaged in human sacrifice (rip heart out while still alive)

  -Created a warrior society, and took over all states near them (tributary states)

  -corn and cacao, and human beings

  -Had to be very powerful bc of the sacrifices

  -Didn't have much time bc they were always trying to control ppl
• Theocracy


  A government controlled by religious leaders
• Chinampas


  floating farming islands made by the Aztec
• Mayans


  1500 B.C. to 900 A.D. This is the most advanced civilization of the time in the Western Hempishere. Famous for its awe-inspiring temples, pyramids and cities. A complex social and political order. Their temples were calendars that predicted thousands of years worth of eclipses
• Mayan Religion and Science


  -Blood sacrafices

  -solar/lunar calander

  -king=god

  -invented number system

  -invented rubber
• Human Sacrifices


  the act of killing one or more human beings, as an offering to a deity, as part of a ritual.
• city-state


  a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.
• Mississippian Culture


  Last of the mound-building cultures of North America; flourished between 800 and 1300 C.E.; featured large towns and ceremonial centers; lacked stone architecture of Central America.
• Cahokia


  Mississippian settlement near present-day East St. Louis, home to as many as 25,000 Native Americans
• Matrilineal Society


  a society in which descent & inheritance come through the mother's kinship line
• Confucianism


  A philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct.
• Song Dynasty


  (960-1279 CE) The Chinese dynasty that placed much more emphasis on civil administration, industry, education, and arts other than military.
• Imperial Bureaucracy


  Division of an empire into organized provinces to make it easier to control
• Song Taizu


  Founder of the Song Dynasty
• civil service exams


  Confucian exam to acquire a position in the Chinese bureaucracy
• Meritocracy


  a system in which promotion is based on individual ability or achievement