TRENDS IN THE PERIODIC TABLE

• Atomic Radius Experiments revealed that the diameter of

  an atom ranges from about 1.4 x 10-10

  to 5.7 x 10-10

  m, while its radius ranges from 7.0 x 10-11

  to 2.9 x

  10-10 m.
• The atomic radius is

  used in determining the atomic volume.
• Atomic radii generally decrease from left

  to right across a period.
• Atomic radii generally increase down a group with increasing atomic number.
• Electronegativity of an element is the

  attractive force of an atom for a shared

  pair of electrons when chemically

  combined with another element.
• Electronegativity increases from left to right, and across the period in the periodic table.

  Electronegativity decreases within a group as you go from top to bottom.
• Ionization energy (IE) is the

  energy required to remove an electron

  from an isolated, gaseous atom or ion in

  its ground state.
• Generally, elements on the right side of the periodic table have higher ionization energy

  compared to the left ones.
• Electron affinity (EA) is the energy released when an incoming electron is finally added to an

  isolated atom or neutral atom in its ground state.
• EA increases within a period from left to right, and from bottom to top.