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Cards (35)

  • Pernicious Anemia:
    A type of anemia caused by Vitamin B12 deficiency, often resulting from malabsorption or impaired Vitamin B12 production.
  • Anemia Type:

    A type of anemia caused by iron deficiency, resulting in reduced production of hemoglobin.
  • Iron-Deficient Anemia:
    A type of anemia resulting from a lack of iron in the body, leading to reduced hemoglobin production.
  • Vitamin-Deficient Anemia:
    A type of anemia caused by a lack of essential vitamins, such as Vitamin B12 or Folate, resulting in reduced hemoglobin production.
  • Other Anemia Types:

    A category that includes various other types of anemia, including autoimmune anemia, kidney disease anemia, and chronic disease anemia.
  • Autoimmune Anemia:

    A type of anemia where the immune system attacks and destroys healthy red blood cells.
  • 1. Iron-Deficient Anemia:

    A type of anemia resulting from a lack of iron in the body, leading to reduced hemoglobin production.
  • 2. Vitamin-Deficient Anemia:

    A type of anemia caused by a lack of essential vitamins, such as Vitamin B12 or Folate, resulting in reduced hemoglobin production.
  • Kidney Disease Anemia:

    A type of anemia resulting from chronic kidney disease, leading to reduced production of erythropoietin.
  • 3. Anemia of Chronic Disease:

    A type of anemia resulting from chronic inflammation, such as during chronic infections or autoimmune diseases.
  • 4. Anemia of Renal Disease:

    A type of anemia resulting from chronic kidney disease, leading to reduced production of erythropoietin.
  • 5. Pernicious Anemia:
    A type of anemia caused by Vitamin B12 deficiency, often resulting from malabsorption or impaired Vitamin B12 production.
  • 7. Megaloblastic Anemia:
    A type of anemia resulting from a deficiency of Folate or Vitamin B12, leading to the production of abnormally large and immature red blood cells.
  • 6. Sideroblastic Anemia:

    A type of anemia characterized by the accumulation of iron in the bone marrow, leading to ineffective erythropoiesis.
  • 8. Autoimmune Anemia:

    A type of anemia where the immune system attacks and destroys healthy red blood cells.
  • Iron-Deficient Anemia

    Causes: inadequate dietary intake, increased iron losses, chronic disease, or inherited disorders
  • Iron-Deficient Anemia:
    Persistently low serum ferritin levels, hypochromic microcytic anemia, and low transferrin saturation.
  • Anemia of Chronic Disease:
    Mildly decreased serum iron levels, normal or mildly increased ferritin levels, and normal transferrin saturation.
  • Anemia of Renal Disease:

    Variable laboratory findings, including normal or decreased serum iron levels, increased ferritin levels, and normal or increased transferrin saturation.
  • Pernicious Anemia:
    Low serum Vitamin B12 levels, increased homocysteine levels, and low or normal serum iron levels.
  • Sideroblastic Anemia:
    Elevated serum ferritin levels, increased transferrin saturation, and macrocytic or normocytic anemia.
  • Megaloblastic Anemia:
    Increased red cell mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), as well as low serum Vitamin B12 and Folate levels.
  • Autoimmune Anemia:

    Variable laboratory findings, including anemia, reticulocytosis, and positive indirect antiglobulin testing (e.g., Coombs test).
  • Coombs Test
    Indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) to detect autoimmune hemolytic anemia, specifically warm and cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia
  • Microcytic Anemia:

    Small, pale, and hypochromic red blood cells with a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) < 80 fL and a mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) < 32 g/dL.
  • Macrocytic Anemia:

    Large, hyperchromic red blood cells with a MCV > 100 fL and an MCHC > 34 g/dL, often accompanied by decreased reticulocytes.
  • Normocytic Anemia:
    Normal-sized, normochromic red blood cells with a MCV within the normal range (80-100 fL) and a MCHC within the normal range (32-36 g/dL).
  • Thalassemia:
    Microcytic red blood cells with varying degrees of hypochromia, often associated with a microcytic hypochromic anemia and increased fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels.
  • Hereditary Spherocytosis:
    The presence of spherocytic red blood cells, which are elliptical or spherical in shape, often accompanied by an increased reticulocyte count and potential manifestations of anemia.
  • Megaloblastic Anemia:
    Megalozytic red blood cells with an increased MCV and MCHC, often accompanied by Hypersegmented Neutrophils and macrocytic anemia.
  • Reticulocytes
    Immature red blood cells released during anemia or hemolysis; elevated reticulocyte count (reticulocytosis) indicates increased red blood cell production or hemolytic anemia
  • Causes of Anemia
    Causes of anemia include inadequate dietary iron intake, blood loss, chronic disease, inherited disorders, hormonal imbalances, infections, nutritional deficiencies, inflammation, or autoimmune disorders
  • Chronic Disease & Anemia
    Chronic diseases can cause anemia through inflammation, hormonal imbalance, nutrient deficiencies, increased red blood cell destruction, or impaired erythropoietin production
  • Chronic Kidney Disease & Anemia
    Chronic kidney disease is the leading cause of anemia; anemia in CKD is often due to erythropoietin deficiency, iron deficiency, vitamin deficiencies, and red blood cell destruction.
  • Symptoms of Anemia
    Common symptoms of anemia include fatigue, shortness of breath, paleness, headaches, cold hands and feet, dizziness, hair loss, and decreased physical performance