B1 flashcards

Created by

Jacob Stratford

Cards (44)

Give the 2 word equation for aerobic respiration
glucose -> lactic acid
give the 2 separate word equations for anaerobic respiration
Glucose -> lactic acid, Glucose -> carbon dioxide + ethanol
list 3 sources of stem cells
bone marrow, embryos, meristem tissue
link each enzyme to its substrate
carbohydrase - carbohydrates
protease - protein
lipase - lipids
give 5 factors that can increase the rate of a disease
smoking, alcohol, obesity, carcinogens, ionising radiation
give the word equation for aerobic respiration
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
Link each enzyme to its products
carbohydrase - simple sugars
protease - amino acids
lipase - fatty acids and glycerol
define cancer
uncontrolled growth and division of cells
list the 3 uses of energy from respiration
movement, keeping warm, chemical reactions to build larger molecules
give two uses of cloning plants
producing large numbers of disease-resistant crops, increasing the population of rare species to protect from extinction
what is meant by double circulatory system
right side of the heart pumps blood to lungs. left side pumps blood to rest of the body.
define benign tumour
uncontrolled growth of cells in one area
list the 3 ways white blood cells fight disease
phagocytosis, antibody production, antitoxin production
Give the word equation for photosynthesis
carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen
describe an artery
Thick walls, small lumen
Describe a vein
Thin walls, large lumen
Describe a capillary  
Very thin walls, wide enough for a single blood cell
Define pathogen
A disease causing micro-organism
List the two stages in development of drugs
pre-clinical trials, clinical trials
Define active transport
The movement of substances from low to high concentration using energy from respiration
describe the process of translocation
The movement of sugar molecules through the phloem
List the 3 substances that are transported in and out of cells by diffusion
Oxygen, carbon dioxide, urea
Describe how vaccine works
Introduce small quantities of dead or inactive pathogen, white blood cells are stimulated to prodyce antibodies. If some pathogen re-enters the body white blood cells respond quickly by producing more antibodies more quickly.
How is the phloem adapted to carry out its function?
Sieve plates to allow movement of sugars
How is the xylem cell adapted to carry out its function?
No end walls to allow water to move up
State three factors that affect the rate of diffusion.
concentration gradient, surface area, temperature
List four factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, light intensity, moisture levels
List six plant tissues
Epidermal tissue, Palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, xylem, phloem
What is the function of the epidermal tissue?
Protective covering
What is the function of palisade mesophyll?
Photosynthesis
What is the function of spongy mesophyll?
Air spaces for gas exchange
What is the function of the xylem?
Transportation of water and nutrients.
What is the function of the phloem?
Transportation
What are the long-term effects of exercise on the heart and lungs?
Increased lung volume, increased heart stroke volume
List two bacterial diseases
Salmonella, gonorrhoea
Describe the process of transpiration 
The movement of water through the plant from roots to leaves through the xylem and evaporation from the leaves
List three viral diseases and their effects
Measles - fever, rash
HIV - flu like symptoms, leads to AIDS
Tobacco mosaic virus - affects growth due to lack of photosynthesis
Sequence of process of mitosis
Sub cellular structures replicate, cell grows, DNA replicates
Chromosomes are pulled to each end of the cell, the nucleus divides
cytoplasm and cell membrane divide
describe how bacteria causes a disease
It produces toxins which damage tissues
List uses of glucose and plants
used in respiration
converted to starch in leaves, Lipids in seeds, cellulose for cell walls, amino acids for proteins