Approaches

• what is the timeline of the history of psychology


  17th-19th century = eperimental psychology

  1879 = Wilhelm Wundt opens lab

  1900s = Frued and the psychodynamic approach

  1913 = Watson, Skinner and the behaviourist approach

  1950s = Rogers, Maslow and the humanistic approach

  1960s = the cognitive approach + Bandura and social learning theory

  1980s+ = the biological approach

  21st century = cognitive neuroscience
• what is a paradigm


  refers to a group of psychologists who share a belief about how the mind and human behaviour works

  e.g. each approach is a paradigm
• who was Wilhelm Wundt


  - father of psychology

  - first person to be called a psychologist

  - opened psychology laboratory in Germany in 1879

  - 1904 = 'principles of physiololical psychology' was published

  - approach was to break human behaviour down into thier basic elements as a method of studying the structure of the human mind called STRUCTURALISM
• what is a paradigm shift


  ocurs when a new way of thinking about the humsn mind and behaviour is adopted
• what is introspection


  consious examination, self-observations of own thoughts
• what did Wundt do to measure intospection


  - trained his participants so that they could give detailed obervations from thier introspections

  - he controlled the environment --> stimuli + tasks (STANDERDISED)

  - method 1) present stimulus 2) inspect own thoughts 3) draw conclusions
• evaluate introspection


  - the reports may be distorted (deliberatley), you may pretend to have more positive thoughts

  - there will always be a delay between between the conscious experience and reporting the existence, we may forget parts of it

  - pps reports from introspection could not be replicated therefore not reliable
• why did behaviourist John B.Watson (1913) have a problem with introspection (the emergance of psychology as a science)


  it produced data that was subjective so it was difficult to establish general principles