EXP 2

• Confirmatory Tests: These are tests that determine conclusively that a certain ion is present. Interfering ions are removed before a confirmatory test is done.
• Separations: These are procedures that separate groups of ions from other groups, or individual ions in a mixture of ions. Separations are followed by confirmatory tests to identify the separated ion.
• Twenty drops from a medicine dropper is approximately 1 mL.
• Qualitative analysis is not precise therefore reagents don’t have to be measured exactly. Liquid reagents are usually measured in drops.
• Ag+

  colorless - white ppt
• Pb2+

  colorless - white ppt
• Cu2+

  light blue - NVR - black ppt
• Cd2+

  colorless - NVR - canary yellow ppt
• Fe2+

  Light yellow - NVR - Black ppt
• Al3+

  colorless - NVR - white ppt
• Ba2+

  colorless - NVR - NVR - turbid - cloudy w/ white ppt - white ppt increased
• Ca2+

  colorless - NVR - NVR - turbid - cloudy w/ white ppt - white ppt increased
• Na2+

  colorless - NVR - NVR - turbid - turbid - turbid
• K+

  colorless - NVR - NVR - Turbid - turbid - turbid