In Priestleys stage directions, Mrs birling is depicted as a 'cold woman', which would have been percieved as oxymoronic during 1912. During this era, societal norms dictated that women should embody qualities such as, warm,nurturing and sensitivity. Priestley employs the adjective 'cold', to highlight Mrs Birling defying these expectations, by indicating a lack of emotional warm and self centerdness. This characterisation challenges the expected norms of her contemporary society.