plants and animal cells

• how are animal cells different to plant cells?

  the different organelles that each contain
• what do the sub-cellular structures in eukaryotic cells do?

  Perform specialized functions
• how can we estimate the sizes of cells and their parts? scale bars
• cell with nucleus - eukaryot
• cell without nucleus - prokaryot
• cell membrane - controls what enters and leaves the cell and what seperates one cell from another
• cytoplasm - watery jelly and where most of the cells activities occur
• mitochondria - aerobic respiration occurs
• the nucleus controls the cell and its activities and its activities. inside it are chromosomes which contain dna.
• cytoplasm - contains tiny round structures called ribosomes which make protiens for a new cell.
• the circular area in a light microscope is the field of view
• if we know the field of view's diameter, we can estimate sizes. the diameter of the field of view in a microscope is 36 micrometers. we can imagine that three white blood cells will roughly fit across the firls of view. so the cells diameter is about 36/3 = 12 micrometers
• ribosome 25nm in diameter
• nuclei are bigger in white blood cells
• scale bars are often shownon micrographs which are also used to estimate sizes. the scale bar on the photo shows how long 4 micrometers is at this magnification. about 3 bars could fit across the widest point - cell is about 3 x 4 = 12 micrometers wide
• cell wall is made of cellulose and supports and protects the cell
• chloroplasts contain chlorophyll which traps energy transferred from the sun. the energy is used for photosynthesis
• plant cells have large permenant vacuoleswhich stores cell sap and helps to keep the cell firm and rigid
• describe the function of chloroplasts in a leaf in a palisade cell: they contain chlorophyll which absorbs light energy whiched is then used for photosynthesis
• palisade cell = each of the vertically elongated plant cells forming a layer rich in chloroplasts