101-159

• Chondrichthyes


  Cartilaginous fishes with light and flexible skeleton and continuous production/replacement of teeth (sharks, rays, skates)
• Actinopterygii


  Class of ray-finned fishes with swim bladder, gill cover, and scales in most, and an ossified skeleton. (alligator gar, tuna, perch, red fish, grouper, catfish)
• Actinistia


  Class of lobe-finned fishes, coelacanths.
• Dipnoi


  The class of lungfishes.
• lobe-finned fishes


  These fishes are ancestors to amphibians.
• amphibia


  the class of vertebrates that live on land but breed in water (frogs, salamanders, caecilians)
• amphibians


  The first terrestrial vertebrates.
• 3


  How many heart chambers do amphibians have?
• anura


  order of frogs and toads
• caudata


  order of salamanders and newts
• apoda


  order of caecilians
• reptiles


  The first vertebrates to develop the amniotic egg.
• Reptilia


  Class of vertebrates with internal fertilization, dry skin, and thoracic breathing. (turtles, crocodiles, tuataras, lizards, snakes)
• 3


  How many heart chambers do reptiles have? (besides crocodiles)
• 4


  How many heart chambers do crocodiles have?
• Chelonia


  order of turtles and tortoises
• Rhynchocephalia


  Order of tuataras
• Squamata


  Order of lizards and snakes
• Crocodilia


  order containing alligators, crocodiles, caimans, and gharials
• Aves


  class of birds
• keel


  What do birds use to flight skeleton?
• 4


  How many heart chambers do birds have?
• aminotes


  member of a clade of tetrapods that have an amniotic egg containing specialized membranes that protect the embryo (reptiles, birds, mammals)
• mammalia


  The defining characteristics of this class include hair and mammary glands.
• placenta


  A structure that allows an embryo to be nourished with the mother's blood supply in mammals.
• 4


  How many heart chambers do mammals have?
• Prototheria


  Subclass of monotremes.
• monotremes


  egg-laying mammals (platypus, echidna)
• Theria


  subclass of marsupials, placentals that have live birth.
• Metatheria


  Infraclass of marsupials
• Eutheria


  Infraclass of placental mammals (rodents, bats, dogs, whales, humans)
• amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

  tetrapods include
• carnivora


  Order of bears, cats, raccoons, and dogs.
• primates


  order of mammals that includes monkeys, apes, and humans
• New world monkeys


  All species are arboreal. Nostrils open to the side. Many have prehensile tails.
• Old World Monkeys


  Include arboreal and terrestrial species. Lack prehensile tails and their nostrils open downward
• Cebidae


  family of new world monkeys
• Cercopithecidae


  Family of old world monkeys
• Hominidae


  Family of human-like primates, anthropoids, great apes, hominids, gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, orangutans, and modern humans.
• opposable thumb


  Thumb that enables grasping objects and using tools. Seen in primates.