The Horn of Africa

• Countries in the Horn of Africa


  • Eritrea
  • Djibouti
  • Somalia
  • Ethiopia
• Capital cities of the Horn of Africa countries


  • Asmara
  • Djibouti
  • Mogadishu
  • Addis Ababa
• Region


  A large place where the places have something in common
• Volcanoes in the Horn of Africa


  • Erta Ale
  • Dallol
• Rivers in the Horn of Africa


  • Blue Nile
  • Shebele
  • Dawa
  • Genale
  • Awash
  • Omo
  • Setit
• Lakes in the Horn of Africa


  • Assal
  • Tana
• Djibouti


  • Smallest country in the Horn of Africa
• Ethiopia


  • Largest country in the Horn of Africa
• Nomadic people are found in the Ogaden
• Lake Assal is found in the lowest point of Africa
• The Danakil Depression is one of the hottest places on earth
• Afar people


  Named after the region they live in, which is shaped like a triangle
• The Dallol Volcano has a landscape filled with brightly coloured salts and pools of sulphuric acid
• The Horn of Africa is in the Tropics and the Equator crosses it, so it is generally hot all year on the lowlands
• The higher up you go in the Horn of Africa, the cooler it becomes
• Rain is in short supply in some places in the Horn of Africa
• Rainfall levels in the Horn of Africa


  • Pale blue areas get no more than 250mm of rain per year
  • Darkest blue areas get the most rain
• Rain does not fall steadily throughout the year in the Horn of Africa, there are rainy seasons and dry seasons
• Some areas in the Horn of Africa have two rainy seasons and two dry seasons per year
• The rains are not reliable in the drier areas of the Horn of Africa, they fail every few years
• When the rains fail in the drier areas of the Horn of Africa, vegetation dries out, crops shrivel, and there may be nothing to eat or drink, resulting in famine and thousands of deaths
• The Horn of Africa has suffered severe droughts in the past
• In 1984, a severe drought in the Horn of Africa triggered famous pop stars to create a record to raise funds
• Another severe drought hit the Horn of Africa region in 2011, leaving around 20 million people dead or severely malnourished
• The Horn of Africa has most recently gone through another drought in 2018-2019, where millions more people have suffered
• Ethiopia is the home of coffee
• Over 1000 years ago, a goatherd in Ethiopia noticed that the red berries on a certain tree made his goats very frisky
• Coffee is Ethiopia's top export, and around 15 million Ethiopians depend on it, directly or indirectly, for a living
• Around 2 billion cups of coffee are drunk every day around the world
• It takes at least 30 coffee beans to make a cup of coffee
• Shoppers spend about £50 billion a year on coffee, which is one of the world's most valuable crops
• The more coffee there is, the lower the price and the less the farmers get, that's how the world market works
• Nomad


  A person who rears animals and travels with them to find grazing
• Grazing


  Land with grass and other vegetation where animals can feed
• Unreliable rain


  Rain in parts of Africa does not arrive every few years, you cannot rely on it
• Conflict


  Fighting within a country or with another country
• Nomadic people traditionally travel by animal, canoe or on foot
• Landlocked – when a country has no coastline. It is surrounded on all sides by other countries.
• Exclusive economic zone – a coastal country has right to the sea and sea floor up to 200 nautical miles from its coastline.
• Before 1991, many

  people on the coast of Somalia earned a living from fishing. In 1991, civil war broke out in Somalia. The country fell apart. Foreign fishing boats seized the chance to fish illegally in Somalian waters. They came from as far away as Korea and Japan.