kin part 3

• Hip Joint (Acetabular femoral)


  Ball and socket joint
• Hip Joint


  • Relatively stable due to bony architecture, strong ligaments, and large supportive muscles
  • Functions in weight bearing and locomotion
  • Wide range of motion
• Head of femur


  Connecting with acetabulum of pelvic girdle
• Hip and pelvic girdle Bony Landmarks(8)

  • Anterior Pelvis: origin for hip flexors
  • Lateral Pelvis: origin for hip abductors (gluteus medius and minimus)
  • Medial Pelvis: origin for hip adductors
  • Posterior Pelvis: origin for hip extensors
  • Posteroinferior Pelvis: origin for hip extensors
  • Proximal thigh: insertion for short muscles of hip
  • Proximal thigh: origin for 3 knee extensors
  • Patella: insertion for all 4 quadriceps muscles
• Anterior iliac crest


  Origin for tensor fasciae latae
• Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)


  Origin for Sartorius
• Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS)


  Origin for Rectus femoris
• Pubis and its inferior ramus


  Origin for adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, and gracilis
• Pubic superior ramus


  Origin for pectineus
• Posterior iliac crest and posterior sacrum and coccyx

  Origin for gluteus maximus
• Ischial tuberosity


  Origin for hamstrings
• Greater Trochanter


  Insertion for gluteal muscles and most of the 6 deep external rotators
• Lesser Trochanter


  Insertion for iliopsoas
• Linea aspera


  Hip adductor insertion
• Symphysis pubis


  Where the two pelvic bones join; amphiarthrodial
• Sacroiliac joints


  Connects pelvic bones to sacrum; Synovial plane joint; gliding
• Sacroiliac joints


  • Strong ligaments unite these bones and form rigid, slightly movable joints
• Acetabulofemoral joint


  Most mobile joint of body (except elbow); Femoral head inserting into acetabulum; Enarthrodial type joint- freely moving; Multiaxial arrangement
• Acetabulofemoral joint


  • Bony articulation: stability; relatively few hip joint dislocations; Reinforced by strong, dense ligamentous capsule, especially anteriorly
• Iliofemoral (Y) ligament


  Located anteriorly; prevents hyperextension
• Pubofemoral ligament


  Located anteromedially and inferiorly; limits excessive extension and abduction
• Ischiofemoral ligament


  Located posteriorly, extends from ischium to trochanteric fossa of femur, limits internal rotation
• Teres ligament


  Attaches deep in acetabulum into depression in femoral head; slightly limits adduction
• Acetabular labrum


  Enhances stability and provides some shock absorption and can be torn (similar to glenoid fossa in shoulder)
• Anterior pelvic rotation


  Anterior movement of upper pelvis, downward rotation
• Posterior pelvic rotation


  Posterior movement of upper pelvis, upward rotation
• Left lateral pelvic rotation

  Left pelvis moves inferiorly to right pelvis
• Right lateral pelvic rotation


  Right pelvis moves inferiorly to left pelvis
• Hip and pelvic muscles

  7 two-joint muscles share one action at hip and another at knee
• Hamstrings muscle group 


  • semitendinosus
  • semimembranosus
  • biceps femoris
• Quadriceps muscle group 


  • rectus femoris
  • vastus lateralis
  • vastus medialis
  • vastus intermedius
• Muscles in hip/pelvis depend largely on direction of movement and position of body in relation to earth/gravity
• Anterior hip muscles


  • Iliopsoas
  • Pectineus
  • Rectus femoris
  • Sartorius
• Anterior hip muscles action


  • Primarily hip flexion
• Medial hip muscles


  • Adductor brevis
  • Adductor longus
  • Adductor magnus
  • Gracilis
• Medial hip muscles action


  • Primarily hip adduction
• Posterior hip muscles


  • Gluteus maximus
  • Biceps femoris
  • Semiteninosus
  • Semimembranosus
  • External rotators (6 deep)
• Posterior hip musclesaction


  • Primarily hip extension
• Lateral hip muscles


  • Gluteus medius
  • Gluteus minimus
  • External rotators
  • Tensor fasciae latae
• Lateral hip musclesaction


  • Primarily hip abduction