Lab Techniques

• Organelles from largest to smallest

  • Nuclei
  • Mitochondria
  • ER
  • Ribosomes
• Vectors


  Pieces of DNA that can be taken up by competent cells, used in genetic libraries
• Southern blotting

  Uses DNA probes to separate DNA fragments
• Northern blotting

  Uses RNA probes to separate RNA fragments
• Western blotting

  1. Uses antibodies to separate proteins

  2. SDS-PAGE is the gel used
• ELISA


  Determines the antigens in a person
• Potency of cells


  • Totipotent: can produce a whole organism; least differentiated
  • Pluripotent: gives rise to any of the three germ layers
  • Multipotent: gives rise to some of the three germ layers; most differentiated
• FRAP

  Gives qualitative insight about cell dynamics by tracing live cells
• FLIM

  Quantitative measure of concentration of ions in a cell
• To clone an organism, we need the nucleus of a somatic cell