Solid liquid gas

• Chemistry


  The study of the composition, structure, properties and behavior of matter
• Op


  Properties of Solids, Lipoids, and Gas
• States of matter at room temperature


  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
• Solid


  • Have a fixed volume
  • Keep their shape
  • Cannot be squashed (incompressible)
  • Some are very heavy for their size (dense)
• Liquid


  • Have a fixed volume
  • Take the shape of the container but does not fill it
  • Cannot be squashed
  • Can flow so can be poured
• Gas


  • Fill the container
  • No fixed volume
  • Can be squashed (compressible)
  • Not very dense
• Particle Model


  • Also called the Kinetic Theory
  • All matter is made of particles
  • Particles can have different sizes
  • Particles can move around by themselves
  • Particles attract one another
  • The hotter the substance the faster the particles move
• Matter is made up of particles which are in continual random motion
• States of Matter


  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
• Solid


  • Particles are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position
  • Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume
• Liquid


  • Particles are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another
  • Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume
• Intermolecular Forces


  Forces are attractive between molecules
• Intramolecular Forces

  Forces that hold atoms together in a molecule
• Generally, intermolecular forces are much weaker than intramolecular forces
• Phase Changes


  • Solid to Gas: Sublimation
  • Gas to Solid: Deposition
  • Solid to Liquid: Melting
  • Liquid to Solid: Freezing
  • Liquid to Gas: Evaporation
  • Gas to Liquid: Condensation
• Vaporization


  Includes boiling and evaporation, where heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes
• Condensation


  Heat leaves the gas as it condenses
• Sublimation


  Heat goes into the solid as it sublimates
• States of matter


  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
• Solids


  • Particles are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position
  • Have a definite shape and a definite volume
  • Cannot be squashed (incompressible)
• Liquids


  • Particles are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another
  • Have an indefinite shape and a definite volume
  • Can flow so can be poured
• Gases


  • Particles are very far apart and move freely
  • Have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume
  • Can be squashed (compressible)
• Particle model


  • All matter is made of particles
  • They can have different sizes
  • They can move around by themselves
  • The particles attract one another
  • The hotter the substance the faster the particles move
• Solid to liquid to gas


  1. Particles vibrate more

  2. Particles move further apart

  3. Particles move freely
• Intermolecular forces


  Attractive forces between molecules
• Intramolecular forces


  Forces that hold atoms together in a molecule
• Intermolecular forces are generally much weaker than intramolecular forces
• Phase changes


  • Liquid to gas (vaporization, boiling, evaporation)
  • Gas to liquid (condensation)
  • Solid to gas (sublimation)
• Phase changes


  1. Melting

  2. Evaporating

  3. Freezing, solidifying

  4. Condensing

  5. Sublimating
• Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes
• Heat leaves the gas as it condenses
• Heat goes into the solid as it sublimates