non metal and metal ion tests

• a crimson red flame indicates the metal ion lithium.
• a lilac flame indicates the metal ion potassium.
• a yellow-orange flame indicates the metal ion sodium.
• a red-orange flame indicates the metal ion calcium.
• a green flame indicates the metal ion copper.
• dilute acid is added to test for carbonates, carbon dioxide is produced if carbonates are present.
• nitric acid is added before silver nitrate, to halides, to discard any carbonates which could create a false positive reaction.
• a blue precipitate is formed when copper(II) reacts with sodium hydroxide, called copper hydroxide.
• a green precipitate is formed when iron(II) reacts with sodium hydroxide, called iron(11) hydroxide.
• a brown precipitate forms when iron(III) reacts with sodium hydroxide, called iron(III) hydroxide.
• a white precipitate forms when aluminium reacts with sodium hydroxide, it redissolves when excess sodium hydroxide is added.