Asexual Reproduction

• What does Asexual Reproduction literally mean?


  "reproduction without sex"
• The new individual is _____ to its _______ (______)

  The new individual is identical to its parent (a clone)
• By contrast, sexual reproduction begins with?


  Two cells, each from a different source (male/female). These two cells fuse to become a single, new cell (zygote) that is NOT identical to either parent.
• Can some organisms use both asexual and sexual modes of reproduction?


  Some organisms CAN use both asexual and sexual modes of reproduction
• What type of organisms use Binary Fission?


  Single-celled organisms (Bacteria and Protists)
• What happens to the existing bacterium/protist in Binary Fission?

  The existing bacterium/protists simply splits equally.
• For protists, what is different about the process of binary fission?

  They have to undergo mitosis.
• What other organisms can binary fission be used by?

  Simple animals, like sponges and anemones.
• In the case of binary fission of multicellular organisms what do they split in to?

  A multicellular organism splits equally into two individuals.
• What organisms use Budding?


  Used by yeast (a fungus) and some SIMPLE animals like hydra.
• What is the difference between budding and binary fission?


  Budding is similar to binary fission but instead of dividing equally into two, the parent cell forms a miniature copy of itself (a bud)
• How long does the bud stay attached to the parent?

  Until it is ready to detach and become independent.
• In fragmentation in some organisms, when a piece (fragment) breaks off the main body what may happen?


  That piece (fragment) may become a whole new individual.
• What tissue do plants have and what does that tissue contain?

  Plants have a tissue called meristem that contains rapidly dividing, unspecialized cells.
• What would happen if a piece breaks off of a plant that contains meristem?


  That piece may become a new individual.
• What is fragmentation in plants sometimes called?

  Vegetative propagation
• What other organism can reproduce similarly to plants in fragmentation?

  Fungi
• Can some animals can also reproduce through fragmentation?


  Some animals CAN also reproduce through fragmentation
• What do animals have the ability of and what is it?

  Some animals have the ability of regeneration, which is the regrowth of lost body parts.
• What can some animals regeneratae?

  Some animals can regenerate entire bodies back from a small fragment.

  
  

  Ex) Planarian (a type of flatworm)
• What other animal is very good at regenerating?


  Sea Stars (starfish) are very good at regenerating
• Why is regeneration considered to be a form of reproduction?

  Because it can give rise to new individuals.
• Just because an animal has regenerated, does not mean it has ______

  Just because an animal has regenerated, does not mean it has reproduced.

  
  

  Ex) A lizard that has regrown a lost tail has not produced a new individual and therefore has not reproduced.