Personality Assessment Method

• characteristically contain short-answer items for which the assessee’s

  task is to select one response from the two or more provided


  Objective methods of personality assessment
• Applied to most personality tests may be best thought of as a shorthand description for a test format.


  Objective
• Holds that an individual supplies structure to unstructured stimuli in a manner consistent with the individual’s own unique pattern of conscious and unconscious needs, fears, desires, impulses, conflicts, and ways of perceiving and responding


  Projective hypothesis
• A technique of personality assessment in which some judgment of the assessee’s personality is made on the basis of performance on a task that involves supplying some sort of structure to unstructured or incomplete stimuli.


  Projective method
• Developed what he called a “form interpretation test” using inkblots as the forms to be interpreted. Also the author of Psychodiagnostics

  Hermann Rorshach
• Consists of 10 bilaterally symmetrical inkblots on separate cards, half of which are achromatic and Inkblot cards are initially presented in order from 1 to 10 and asked to interpret the inkblot with a great deal of freedom

  Rorschach inkblots
• Called the second administration

  Inquiry
• The third procedure that enables the examiner to restructure the situation by asking specific questions that provide additional information concerning personality functioning

  Testing the limits
• Is the part of the inkblot that was utilized in forming the percept


  Location
• The qualities of the inkblot that determine what the individual perceives

  Determinants
• The content category of the response.

  Content
• Refers to the frequency with which a certain response has been found to correspond with a particular inkblot or section of an inkblot


  Popularity
• One that has frequently been obtained from the general population

  Popular response
• One that has been perceived infrequently by the general population.

  Rare response
• How accurately the individual’s perception matches or fits the corresponding part of the inkblot


  Form
• “Rorschach protocols were scored using Rapaport et al.’s (1945–1946) system as the basic framework, but special scores of four different types were added. I borrowed two of these additional measures from other researchers . . . and developed the other two specifically for this study”


  Saunders
• It was published to “take advantage of the Rorschach’s unique strengths as a highly portable complex behavioral task that provides a means of systematically observing and measuring personality in action”


  Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS)
• It was originally designed as an aid to eliciting fantasy material from patients in psychoanalysis. Testtakers are introduced to the examination with the cover story that it is a test of imagination in which it is their task to tell what events led up to the scene in the picture, what is happening at that moment, and what the outcome will be.

  TAT
• To perceive in terms of past perceptions

  Apperceive
• Determinants of behavior arising from within the individual

  Need
• Determinants of behavior arising from within the environment


  Press
• A unit of interaction between needs and press


  Thema
• He examined each of the cards in the test with regard to such variables as manifest stimulus demand, form demand, latent stimulus demand, frequent plots, and significant variations.

  William Henry
• Nonconscious influence on behavior typically acquired on the basis of experience.

  Implicit motive
• employs cartoons depicting frustrating situations (Figure 12–7). The testtaker’s

  task is to fill in the response of the cartoon figure being frustrated.

  Rozenweig picture-frustration test
• Aggression turned inward


  Intropunitive
• Outward aggression


  Outropunitive
• Evades aggression 


  Inpunitive
• In which the response concentrates on the frustrating barrier

  Obstacle dominance
• In which attention is focused on protecting the frustrated person

  Ego defense
• In which attention is focused on solving the frustrating problem

  Need persistence
• Derived representing the degree to which one’s responses conform to

  Group conformity rating
• Defined as a semistructured, individually administered, projective technique of personality assessment that involves the presentation of a list of stimulus words, to each of which an assessee responds verbally or in writing with whatever comes immediately to mind first upon first exposure to the stimulus word


  Word association test
• Represented one of the earliest attempts to develop a standardized test using words as projective stimuli. The test consisted of 100 stimulus words, all commonly used and believed to be neutral with respect to emotional impact.

  Kent-Rosanoff Free Association Test
• A semistructured projective technique of personality assessment that involves the presentation of a list of words that begin a sentence and the assessee’s task is to respond by finishing each sentence with whatever word or words come to mind.

  Sentence completion test
• The part of the sentence completion item that is not blank, but must be created by the testtaker


  Sentence completion stem
• Presumably would act as a stimulus for the person to verbalize certain unconscious material.

  Verbal summator
• In which the subject’s task was to respond by creating a story based on three sounds played on a phonograph record.

  Auditory apperception test
• Defined as a projective method of personality assessment whereby the assessee produces a drawing that is analyzed on the basis of its content and related variables


  Figure drawing test
• What a person does in situations rather than on inferences about what attributes he has more globally

  Behavioral assessment