Female Genitalia

• Bartholin gland cyst

  
• Dysmenorrhea refers to painful cramps during menstruation.
• Premenstrual syndrome refers to physical and psychological symptoms occurring prior to menstruation.
• Menorrhagia is heavy bleeding, including prolonged menstrual periods or excessive bleeding during a normal-length period.
• Metrorrhagia is bleeding at irregular intervals, particularly between expected menstrual periods.
• Amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation.
• Oligomenorrhea refers to infrequent menstrual periods. Hypomenorrhea refers to light periods.
• Syphilitic chancre - often first appear on the perineal area as silvery - white papules that become superficial red ulcer.

  
• Genital herpes simplex - many small painful ulcers with erythematous base
• Cystocele - bulging in the anterior vaginal wall caused by thickening of the pelvic musculature.
• Rectocele - bulging in the posterior vaginal wall caused by weakening of the pelvic musculature. Part of the rectum covered by the vaginal mucosa protrudes into the vagina

  
• Uterine prolapse - occurs when the uterus protrudes into the vagina

  
• Ovarian cyst - are benign masses on the ovary. They are usually smooth, mobile, round, compressible and non-tender

  
• Cyanosis of the cervix - The cervix normally appears bluish in the client in her first trimester of pregnancy. However, if the client is not pregnant, a bluish color to the cervix indicates venous congestion or a diminished oxygen supply to the tissues.

  
• A hardened ulcer is usually the first indication of cervical cancer, but it may not be visible on the ectocervix. In later stages, the lesion may develop into a large cauliflower-like growth.

  
• Cervical polyp - polyp typically develops in the endocervical canal and may protrude visibly at the cervical os. It is soft, red, and rather fragile.

  
• Mucopurulent cervicitis - This condition produces a mucopurulent yellowish discharge from the external os. It usually indicates infection with Chlamydia or gonorrhea.

  
• Cervical erosion - erosion occurs with mucopurulent cervical discharge

  
• Diethylstilbestrol - a drug used more than 50 years ago to prevent spontaneous abortion and premature labor, was learned to be teratogenic (capable of causing malformations in the fetus).
• Trichomonas vaginitis (Trichomoniasis) - This type of vaginal infection is caused by a protozoan organism and is usually sexually transmitted. The discharge is typically yellow-green, frothy, and foul-smelling. The labia may appear swollen and red, and the vaginal walls may be red, rough, and covered with small red spots (or petechiae). This infection causes itching and urinary frequency in the client.

  
• Candidal vaginitis (Moniliasis) - This infection is caused by the overgrowth of yeast in the vagina. It causes a thick, white, cheesy discharge. The labia may be inflamed and swollen. The vaginal mucosa may be reddened and typically contains patches of the discharge.

  
• Atrophic vaginitis occurs after menopause when ESTROGEN production is low. The discharge produced may be blood-tinged and is usually minimal. The labia and vaginal mucosa appear atrophic. The vaginal mucosa is typically pale, dry, and contains areas of abrasion that bleed easily.

  
• The cause of bacterial vaginosis is unknown (possibly anaerobic bacteria), but it is thought to be sexually transmitted. The discharge is thin and gray-white, has a positive amine (fishy smell), and coats the vaginal walls and ectocervix.

  
• Uterine fibroid (Myoma) - They are irregular, firm nodules that are continuous with the uterine surface. They may occur as one or many and may grow quite large. The uterus will be irregularly enlarged, firm, and mobile.

  
• Endometriosis - the uterus is fixed and tender. Growths of endometrial tissue are usually present throughout the pelvic area and may be felt as firm, nodular masses. Pelvic pain and irregular bleeding are common.

  
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is typically caused by infection of the fallopian tubes (salpingitis) or fallopian tubes and ovaries (salpingo-oophoritis) with an STI (i.e., gonorrhea, Chlamydia). It causes extremely tender and painful bilateral adnexal masses (positive chandelier sign).

  
• Ovarian cancer - Masses that are cancerous are usually solid, irtegular, non-tender, and fixed

  
• Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg attaches to the fallopian tube and begins developing instead of continuing its journey to the uterus for development. A solid, mobile, tender, and unilateral adnexal mass may be palpated if tenderness allows. The cervix and uterus will be softened, and the movement of these structures will cause pain

  
• Vaginal infection - enlarged inguinal nodes
• Lesions may be from an infectious disease, such as herpes or syphilis
• Excoriation and swelling may be from scratching or self-treatment of the lesions.
• Asymmetric labia may indicate abscess.
• If the client has labial swelling or a history of it, palpate Bartholin glands for swelling, tenderness, and discharge
• Urethritis - drainage from the urethra
• Urethritis may occur with infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis.
• Vaginal atrophy - condition in which vagina becomes thinner and dryer
• Absent or decreased ability to squeeze the examiner’s finger indicates decreased muscle tone.
• Cystocele - bulging on anterior wall
• Rectocele - bulging on posterior wall
• Uterine prolapse - if the cervix uterus protrudes down