Lipid- Book Q

• Determine the location within the human body where each of the following aspects of lipid digestion occurs: Interaction with bile occurs

  Small Intestine
• Determine the location within the human body where each of the following aspects of lipid digestion occurs: Monoacylglycerols are produced


  Small intestine
• Determine the location within the human body where each of the following aspects of lipid digestion occurs: Chyme is produced

  Stomach
• Determine the location within the human body where each of the following aspects of lipid digestion occurs: Gastric lipases are active

  Stomach
• Which of the following statements about digestion of the dietary triacylglycerol in adults is correct?

  a.It begins in the stomach

  b. It occurs to a small extent (10%) in the stomach

  c. It occurs only in the small intestine

  d. no correct response

  B
• The semi-liquid material chyme is formed in the stomach
• The major function of bile released during triacylglycerol digestion is to act as an emulsifier
• The two major products of triacylglycerol digestion in the small intestine are fatty acids and monoacylglycerols
• Lipoproteins that transport triacylglycerols from intestinal cells to the bloodstream are called chylomicrons
• Hormone-sensitive lipase needed for triacylglycerol mobilization is activated by cAMP
• In triacylglycerol mobilization, triacylglycerol molecules undergo hydrolysis
• Which of the following is not a product of triacylglycerol mobilization?

  a.fatty acids

  b. glycerol

  c. ATP

  d. no correct response

  C
• The first stage of glycerol metabolism is a two-step process in which glycerol is converted to dihydroxyacetone phosphate
• What is the intermediate compound in the two-step first stage of glycerol metabolism?

  a.glycerol 2-phosphate

  b. glycerol 3-phosphate

  c. dihydroxyacetone phosphate

  d. no correct response

  B
• After the first stage of glycerol metabolism, the remaining stages are the same as glucose pathways
• Indicate at what step in the B-oxidation pathway each of the following events occurs: A carbon-carbon single bond is converted to a carbon-carbon double bond

  Step 1
• Indicate at what step in the B-oxidation pathway each of the following events occurs: NAD+ is reduced to NADH

  Step 3
• Indicate at what step in the B-oxidation pathway each of the following events occurs: A hydration reaction occurs

  Step 2
• Indicate at what step in the B-oxidation pathway each of the following events occurs: An acetyl CoA molecule is produced

  Step 4
• Match each of the following characteristics of the B-oxidation pathway to the terms: The enzyme needed is thiolase


  Thiolysis (Step 4)
• Match each of the following characteristics of the B-oxidation pathway to the terms: The enzyme needed id acyl CoA dehydrogenase

  First dehydrogenation (Step 1)
• Match each of the following characteristics of the B-oxidation pathway to the terms: The substance trans-enoyl CoA is a product

  First dehydrogenation (Step 1)
• Match each of the following characteristics of the B-oxidation pathway to the terms: The substance B-ketoacyl CoA is a reactant

  Thiolysis (Step 4)
• In the oxidation of fatty acids, the CoA and ATP are needed to initially activate a fatty acid molecule
• In the oxidation of fatty acids, the carnitine shuttles activated fatty acid molecules across the inner mitochondrial membrane
• The correct response for the four reactions of the B-oxidation pathway in terms of the "functional group acted upon" is alkane, alkene, 2* alcohol, ketone
• The correct sequence for the four reactions of the B-oxidation pathway in terms of the "type of reaction occurring" is dehydrogenation, hydration, dehydrogenation, thiolysis
• There are 7 turns of B-oxidation pathway needed to "process" a C16 unsaturated fatty acid
• There are 9 acetyl CoA molecules are produced when a C18 fatty acid is completely processed through the B-oxidation pathway
• There are 1 FADH2 and 1 NADH molecules produced during one turn of the fatty acid B-oxidation pathway
• Net ATP production during a B-oxidation process is always 2 less than gross ATP production because ATP is consumed in fatty acid


  activation
• Identify the ketone body to which it applies: It is a C4 molecule

  Acetoacetate and B-hydroxybutyrate
• Identify the ketone body to which it applies: It is a ketoacid

  Acetoacetate
• Identify the ketone body to which it applies: It can be produced by reduction of acetoacetate

  B-hydroxybutyrate
• Identify the ketone body to which it applies: Its structure contains a ketone functional group

  Acetoacetate and acetone
• Which of the following is not a ketone body?

  a.acetoacetate

  b. B-hydroxybutyrate

  c. acetone

  d. no correct response

  D
• There are 2 ketone bodies in C4 molecules
• There are 3 acetyl CoA molecules used as a reactant in the process of ketogenesis
• The correct sequence for the four reactions of ketogenesis in terms of the "type of reaction occurring" is condensation, condensation, cleavage, hydrogenation
• The characterization C4 + C2 -> C6 applies to step 2 in the process of ketogenesis