9.1.5 Deficiency Diseases & Malnutrition

• Balanced diet


  Having the right proportion of the different food groups to provide enough energy to the person
• Malnutrition


  Caused by not eating a balanced diet
• Types of malnutrition


  • Starvation
  • Coronary heart disease
  • Constipation
  • Obesity
• Starvation


  1. Taking in LESS energy than is used

  2. Tiredness and fatigue

  3. Lack of menstrual cycle (infertility)

  4. Poor immune system

  5. Slow growth

  6. Weight loss
• Coronary heart disease


  1. Diet too high in saturated fat and cholesterol

  2. Coronary arteries in the heart become blocked

  3. Oxygen cannot get to cells of heart

  4. Heart muscle cannot respire and contract

  5. Heart attack and death

  
• Obesity


  1. Taking in MORE energy than is used

  2. Coronary Heart disease

  3. High blood pressure

  4. Arthritis

  5. Type 2 diabetes
• Deficiency disease


  A disease caused by the lack of a specific component in the diet
• Lack of CALCIUM in the diet


  • Brittle, weak bones (break easily)
  • Muscle spasms and cramps
• Lack of VITAMIN D in the diet


  • Weak and soft bones (bendy)
  • Stunted growth
  • Bone pain
• Lack of VITAMIN C in the diet


  • Bleeding gums
  • Teeth falling out or loose
  • Easily bruises
• Lack of IRON in the diet


  • Tiredness and fatigue
  • Out of breath easily
  • Dizziness
  • Leg cramps
• Protein energy malnutrition (PEM)


  1. Kwashiorkor - Lack of protein, most common in children under 2

  2. Marasmus - Lack of both protein and energy, most severe form of PEM
• In many countries, droughts, natural disasters, wars and a poor economy can lead to mass malnutrition in large areas of the country