Social and economic opportunities

• Mumbai's social and economic opportunities


  • Urban growth in Mumbai has brought a range of social and economic opportunities
• How urban growth in Mumbai caused social opportunities


  1. Healthcare and education

  2. Water supply

  3. Energy
• Access to healthcare in Mumbai


  Improving, with more hospitals than any other urban area in India. Sion Hospital has grown from 50 beds in 1950 to over 1400 beds today, admitting over 60,000 patients each year
• Education in Mumbai


  Over 1000 primary and secondary schools, with high literacy rates of 89.7% compared to the national average of 74.04%. Even in the slums, the literacy rate is estimated to be more than 69%. Mumbai also has a world-renowned university and other important education and research institutions
• Water supply in Mumbai

  Mumbai has a chlorinated central water supply managed by the government, but the rapid growth of squatter settlements has put enormous pressure on freshwater supplies. People living in notified slums are entitled to access city services, including water supply. The Bombay High Court ordered the city government to extend access to water supply to residents living in non-notified slums
• Sanitation in Mumbai

  The rapid growth of squatter settlements has put enormous pressure on sewage systems, with hundreds of people sharing a single toilet and an estimated 1 in 20 people forced to use the street as a toilet. The Mumbai Slum Sanitation project aims to improve sanitation facilities for up to a million dwellers across the city, with over 300 community toilet blocks built
• Energy in Mumbai

  Many squatter settlements do not have access to electricity and rely on bottled gas, which is expensive and dangerous. The Global Partnership on Output Based Aid (GPOBA) has completed a project providing 8,000 to 10,000 dwellers with new or upgraded electricity connections. The Indian utility company Municipal Corporation agreed on a deal with the US Agency for International Development to work towards establishing legal and safe electrical connections to the squatter settlements
• How urban growth in Mumbai caused economic opportunities

  Mumbai is the commercial and financial capital of India, contributing 33% of all income tax and 60% of all customs duty from trade. It is home to the Indian stock market, the busiest port and airports in India, and many specialised technical industries. The rapidly growing population has created demand for goods and services, and 25% of India's industrial production is in Mumbai. The port area also creates a lot of valuable jobs. Mumbai has the headquarters of many Indian financial institutions and companies
• The rapid urban growth of Mumbai has also created a range of challenges