strengths

• Milgram disputes lack of internal validity 


  -video footage shows Ps undergoing extreme stress

  -post-experimental interviews & questionnaires

  -56.1% fully believed real shocks

  -only 2.4% certain shocks weren't real

  -Orne & Holland didn't explain why some Ps refused to continue if they're role playing
• Sheridan & King


  -puppies given real shocks

  -Ps could see effects

  -75% of Ps still obeyed to the end

  -similar results to Milgram's

  -his Ps also believed shocks were real

  -supports internal validity
• Hofling disputing lacking ecological validity-procedure 


  -field study in hospital

  -nurses (Ps) received phone call from unknown doctor

  -told to administer 20milligrams of drug (Astrofen)

  -obeying means breaking numerous hospital rules

  -drug actually harmless

  -nurses stopped by confederate before giving drug
• Hofling - findings


  -21 out of 22 nurses obeyed

  -supports Milgram's findings

  -shows study doesn't lack ecological validity
• real life application


  -help understand Holocaust
• American Psychological Association

  -ethically acceptable

  -awarded prize for outstanding contribution to social psychological research