Treating Water

• How is contaminated water treated?


  - filtration

  - chlorination

  - sedimentation
• Eutrophication


  A process by which nutrients, particularly phosphorus and nitrogen, become highly concentrated in a body of water, leading to increased growth of organisms such as algae or cyanobacteria.
• Reverse osmosis


  A desalinization process that involves forcing salt-water through a membrane permeable to water but not to salt
• Screening


  Removal of floating objects such as branches
• Sedimentation


  Removing suspended solids
• Distillation


  Collection of pure wayer
• Flocculation


  Removal of suspended fine clay particles
• Fluoridation


  the addition of fluoride to the water supply to reduce tooth decay
• activated carbon (/charcoal)


  Removal of organic chemicals as they absorb onto the particle surfaces
• Primary Sedimentation


  removes suspended solids when water is static
• Ozonation


  Killing or removing pathogens or microorganisms
• Filtration


  Removing suspended solids as water flows through material with small pores
• Desalination


  A process of removing salt from ocean water
• Reverse osmosis


  A desalinization process that involves forcing salt-water through a membrane permeable to water but not to salt
• Activated carbon filtration


  Removal of organic molecules such as pesticides
• Water quality standards


  treated water should meet certain quality standards before it is released into the environment or reused

  These standards vary by country and use, but generally specify maximum concentrations for a range of pollutants from heavy metals to bacteria
• Reducing contamination at source


  Efforts should be redirected at reducing contamination at its source through better waste management, legislation and public education
• Sludge management


  Careful disposable considering it's high, organic, potential hazardous content

  Message for handling sludge include anaerobic digestion, composting, and incineration
• Public perception and awareness


  voting public trust in treated water safety can facilitate its wide acceptance and use

  Transparency and regular communication about treatment process and water quality can help alleviate possible concerns