Plants

• Photosynthesis


  Process which converts sunlight into food
• Reproduction


  Production of new organism or offspring
• Pollination


  Transfer of pollen from the anther to stigma
• Chloroplasts


  Uses carbon dioxide, water and solar energy to produce food in the form of glucose
• Stem


  • Holds a plant up and supports its leaves
• Types of Stems


  • Soft stems
  • Woody Stems
• Soft stems


  Stems of certain plants that not woody or rigid, but rather flexible and pliable
• Woody Stems


  Tough and strong with protective bark
• Parts of a Stem


  • Xylem
  • Phloem
  • Cambium
  • Cortex
• Xylem


  System of pipes that move water and minerals from the soil upward
• Phloem


  Moves the food back down through plants
• Cambium


  Layer of cells that separates the Xylem and Phloem
• Cortex


  Layer tissue beneath the surface of a plant's roots and stems
• Roots


  Store food and draw water and nutrients from the soil
• Parts of a root and its function


  • Root Hairs
  • Root cap
  • Tap Root
  • Fibrous roots
• Root Hairs


  Designed for absorption, taking up most of the water and dissolved minerals
• Root cap


  Tough layer of cells that protects the tip of each root
• Tap Root


  Root that grows deep into the ground
• Fibrous roots


  Grows near the surface of the soil
• Parts of a leaf


  • Stomata
  • Epidermis
  • Cuticle
  • Guard Cells
• Stomata


  Tiny pores in the Epidermis on the lower surface of a leaf
• Epidermis


  Outermost layer of a leaf
• Cuticle


  Waxy coating that covers the Epidermis, prevents leaves or needles from losing too much water
• Guard Cells


  Controls the amount of air entering the plant and water exiting the plant
• Reproduction


  Production of more individuals of the same species
• Types of Reproduction


  • Sexual reproduction
  • Asexual reproduction
• Sexual reproduction


  Production of new organism by the union of male and female sex cells
• Asexual reproduction


  Production of a new organism using only one type of cell
• Seed


  Structure that contains a young, developing plant and stored food
• Sexual Reproduction in Plants


  1. Male sex cell (sperm) must unite with female sex cell (egg)

  2. Sperm cells are located within the pollen grains

  3. Pollen grains are produced in the anther

  4. Eggs are located at the stigma

  5. Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma is called pollination
• Types of Pollination


  • Self-Pollination
  • Cross-Pollination
• Self-Pollination


  Pollen from an anther reaches the stigma, the flower is pollinating itself
• Cross-Pollination


  Occurs between two flowers on separate plants, pollen of one flower reaches the stigma of another
• Types of Vegetative Propagation


  • Natural vegetative propagation
  • Artificial Vegetative Propagation
• Natural vegetative propagation


  New plants grow from parts of the parent plant, e.g. stem runners, tubers and bulbs
• Artificial Vegetative Propagation


  Includes crafting and grafting, shoots with leaves are cut off the parent plant and transferred to new pots
• Vascular Seed Plants


  • Angiosperms
  • Gymnosperms
• Angiosperms


  Reproduce using flowers
• Gymnosperms


  Reproduce using uncovered or naked seeds