Chemistry - Matter Lesson 1

• Matter

  Everything around you, including you, that is made up of tiny particles called atoms
• States of matter

  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
• Atoms

  The basic building blocks of all matter, both living and non-living
• Atoms

  • Incredibly small and difficult to observe and measure
  • Not usually found on their own
  • Made of smaller "subatomic" particles called neutrons, protons, and electrons
• Molecule

  Two or more atoms joined together
• Oxygen molecule

  • Two oxygen atoms held together by a chemical bond
• Water molecule

  • Two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom
• Element

  A pure substance made up of only one type of atom, where all atoms are identical and cannot be broken down into other substances
• The Periodic Table arranges all the elements in order of the size of their atoms and groups elements with similar properties together
• The Periodic Table lists the elements using their symbols
• Matter


  Everything around you, including you! Matter is what all things are made up of. It is made of tiny particles called atoms.
• States of matter


  • Three main groups that most matter can be classified into
• Atoms


  The basic building blocks of all matter - both living and non-living
• Atoms are incredibly small - they are far too small to be observed and are very difficult to measure
• Atoms are not usually found on their own
• Subatomic particles


  Neutrons, protons, and electrons
• Molecule


  Two or more atoms joined together
• Oxygen molecule


  • Two oxygen atoms held together by a chemical bond
• Water molecule


  • Two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom
• Element


  A pure substance made up of only one type of atom
• All atoms in an element are identical
• Elements cannot be broken down into substances because they are already the simplest substance
• Periodic Table of Elements

  Arranges all the elements in order of the size of their atoms and groups elements with similar properties together
• Element symbols


  • Oxygen is represented as 'O'
  • Hydrogen is represented as 'H'
• Element


  A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
• Some elements, such as helium and gold, are usually found on their own in nature
• Most elements chemically combine with each other to form compounds
• Compound


  A substance containing atoms of two or more elements joined together by chemical bonds
• Atoms in a compound

  • May be arranged as either molecules or lattices
• Compounds


  • Water (H2O)
  • Table salt (NaCl)
• Mixture


  A combination of substances that can be physically separated
• Compounds have a chemical formula
• The elements in a compound are always combined in certain fixed proportions
• All of the molecules in a compound are identical
• Chemical formula


  Tells you the elements and their proportions in a compound
• In the mineral quartz (SiO2), which is used to make glass, there are two oxygen atoms for every silicon atom