Science

• Geography


  • from the Greek words "geo" means 'the earth' and "graphos" means 'to write'
  • science that deals with the study of places and the relationships between people and their environments
  • seeks to understand where things are found, why they are there, and how they develop and change over time
• Eratosthenes


  • "father of geography"
  • first one to use the word geography
• PANGAEA


  • derived from Ancient Greek word "pan"(all, entire, whole) and "Gaia" (mother Earth, land)
  • one large landmass ("supercontinent")
• MAP


  A two-dimensional graphical representation of an era, land or sea. Depicting physical features

  
• GLOBE


  A three-dimensional spherical model of the earth
• LATITUDE


  • Horizontal imaginary lines that run from east to west of the map or a globe
  • The LATITUDE of a place has something to do with its climate
• LONGITUDES


  vertical imaginary lines that run from north to south of a map or globe
• LONGITUDE/ MERIDIANS


  north-south lines in the grid, measure the distance east and west of the Prime Meridian
• LATITUDE / PARALLELS


  east-west lines in the grid - measure the distance north and south of the equator
• GRID


  pattern of lines that circles the globe in east-west and north-south directions
• HEMISPHERE


  half of the earth as divided by the Equator (Northern and Southern hemispheres) or by the Prime Meridian and the 180° meridian (Eastern and Western hemispheres)
• TROPIC


  Countries located in this zone experience a tropical climate where the annual average temperature is above 18 degrees Celsius
• NORTHERN TEMPERATE ZONE


  countries located to this zones experience four seasons
• POLAR/FRIGID ZONES


  Countries located to this zones experience cold temperatures all year round
• Geographic coordinate system


  system that is used to locate places using the degree of latitude and longitude
• GEOGRAPHIC COORDINATE SYSTEM


  Are pair of numbers that describes the position of a point
• Archipelago


  An area of a group or chain of islands surrounded by bodies of water
• Bodies of water surrounding the Philippines


  • Luzon Strait
  • Philippine Sea
  • Pacific Ocean
  • West Philippine Sea
  • Celebes Sea
  • Sulu Sea
• Landmasses (Countries) Surrounding the Philippines


  • Japan
  • Taiwan
  • China
  • Malaysia
  • Indonesia
  • Vietnam
• Natural Resources of the Philippines - Water Resources

  • Beaches
  • Lakes
  • Rivers
  • Dams
• Natural Resources of the Philippines - Land and Soil Resources

  • Agriculture (Rice, Coconut, Corn, Sugar cane)
  • Rocks and Minerals (Gold, Copper, Iron, Nickel, Sand and Gravel, Limestone, Marble, Clay)
• Fossil Fuels


  Formed from plants and animals that live on earth millions of years ago
• Clean and Cheap Energy Resources


  • Clay (for cooking)
  • Solar Energy
  • Geothermal Energy
  • Wind Energy
  • Hydropower Energy
• Natural Resources


  Materials created and gathered from nature that humans use to survive and satisfy their needs
• Renewable Resources


  • Water
  • Plants
  • Wind Energy
  • Animals
  • Air
• Nonrenewable Resources


  • Fossil Fuels
  • Soil
  • Minerals
  • Rocks
• Conservation and Protection of Earth's Natural Resources


  • Follow 3Rs: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle
  • Stop dumping of waste in the bodies of water
  • Turn off the faucet when not using
  • Unplug the electric appliances when not using
  • Plant more trees
  • Prefer to walk in short distances instead of using vehicle
  • Reduce use of excess fertilizers and chemicals
  • Say no to plastic!
• Meteorology


  Study of the atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and forecasting
• Meteorologists (weathermen)


  Monitors and forecasts weather disturbances and atmospheric conditions
• PAGASA (Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration)


  Monitors and forecasts weather disturbances and atmospheric conditions
• Atmosphere


  The blanket or envelope of gases surrounding the earth, containing the air that we breathe, helping to retain the sun's heat and prevent it from escaping back, protecting life from harmful radiation from the sun, and playing a major role in Earth's water cycle
• Troposphere


  • Makes up 75% of the total mass of the atmosphere and contains 99% of the atmosphere's water, with temperature at the top around -45 to -50 degrees Celsius
• Troposphere


  • Fossil Fuels
  • Wind
  • Minerals
  • Clouds
  • Water Vapor
• Troposphere


  • Fossil Fuels
  • Turbulence
  • Minerals
  • Weather Phenomena
• Stratosphere


  Second major division of the atmosphere, with temperature increasing with altitude, and the ozone layer found here
• Mesosphere


  Third major division of the atmosphere, with temperature decreasing with altitude, and the coldest layer of the atmosphere
• Thermosphere


  Extends from the outer limits of the mesosphere to around 1000km above sea level, with very thin air that is intensely heated by the sun's rays, sometimes reaching over 1000 degrees Celsius
• Auroras


  Bands of lights with different colors seen around the magnetic poles of the northern and southern hemispheres
• Exosphere


  The temperature in this region varies from very hot to very cold
• Homosphere


  Bottom 90km of the atmosphere where there is continuous movement of air