human society

• common good


  Understanding what makes a society right, or fair, for its members requires a sense of 'the good,' or the __________.
• societus


  Latin word meaning companionship
• society


  denotes a group of people
• society


  refers to the relationships between people (according to sociology)
• society


  aka the web of social relationships
• society


  is responsible for the mental and intellectual development of its dwellers
• society


  confers safeguard of our cultures and guarantees its transmission to the future generations
• social


  man, at the end of the day, is a _____ being who needs society and enjoys group life
• complimentary and supplementary


  society and individuals are _________ and __________ to each other
• basic meaning of society


  a complex of groups in reciprocal relationships who are:

  
  

  a. interacting upon one another

  b. enabling people to carry on their life activities

  c. helping each person to fulfill their wishes

  d. accomplishing his interest in association with his fellows
• 9 elements of society


  1. Mutual interaction of individuals

  2. Mutual interrelationship between individuals

  3. A pattern of systems

  4. Reciprocal awareness is the most important ingredient

  5. Common propensity (or the 'we' feeling!)

  6. Like-mindedness

  7. Implication of differences, diversities, or variations

  8. Interdependence

  9. Cooperation
• John Locke and Thomas Hobbes


  differentiated the nature of man based on the naturalness of the human being
• nature of man (locke)


  God makes man naturally free to pursue life, liberty, health, and property as natural rights
• nature of man (locke)


  humanity ought not to harm others in their life, health, liberty, or possessions and in turn expect their own rights to be respected
• nature of man (locke)


  a human being is by nature a social animal
• nature of man (hobbes)


  human judgment is distorted by self-interest and can be easily swayed with rhetoric that is often neither directed toward the public nor the individual's good
• nature of man (hobbes)


  human beings are programmed, mechanical objects to pursue self-interested ends, w/o regard for anything other than the avoidance of pain and the incentive of pleasure
• nature of man (hobbes)


  human beings are neither by nature selfish nor rational
• nature of man (hobbes)


  man is not a social animal (society is impossible w/o the coercive power of the state!)
• state of nature (locke)


  the natural condition of mankind
• state of nature (locke)


  a state of perfect and complete liberty to conduct one's life as one best sees fit, free from the interference of others
• state of nature (locke)


  it is pre-political but not pre-mortal
• state of nature (locke)


  people are assumed to be equal to one another in such a state and therefore capable of discovering the law of nature (or freedom!)
• state of nature (hobbes)


  men are naturally and exclusively self-interested
• state of nature (hobbes)


  they are more or less equal to one another, there are limited resources, and yet there is no power able to force men to cooperate
• state of nature (hobbes)


  can be unbearably brutal
• state of nature (hobbes)


  no long-term or complex cooperation is possible bc this can be aptly described as a state of utter distrust
• state of nature (hobbes)


  it is the state of perpetual and unavoidable war
• social contract


  an agreement where individuals sacrifice an amount of their freedom and submit to a higher authority
• household


  the first association that is like a state
• thomas hobbes


  argues that the state of nature is a state of war, where every man is an enemy to every man
• rousseau


  believes that man possesses a natural virtue (man having no moral relations or determinate obligations one with another could not either be good or bad, virtuous or vicious!)
• thomas hobbes


  states that the 'mutual transferring of rights is what men call a contract.
• social contract


  if people violate this, they must be punished with accordance on the existing laws of civil society
• 4 reasons why power to constrain men must be established:


  1. men are in competition for honor and dignity

  2. common good differs not from the private good

  3. men think themselves wiser

  4. men's agreement is artificial
• social contract (locke)


  the preservation of their wealth, lives, liberty, and well-being in general
• social contract (locke)


  we give up our right to exact retribution for crimes in return for impartial justice backed by overwhelming force
• social contract (locke)


  we retain the right to life and liberty and gain the right to just, impartial protection of our property
• social contract (hobbes)


  to ensure man's escape from the state of nature, they must both agree to live together under common laws and create an enforcement mechanism for the social contract and laws that constitute it
• social contract (hobbes)


  men are naturally self-interested yet they are rational