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• Hydrology


  A science that deals with the properties, distribution, and circulation of water on and below the earth's surface and in the atmosphere
• Meteorology


  The scientific study of the atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and forecasting
• Weather


  The day-to-day state of the atmosphere
• Climate


  The average course of weather conditions for a particular location over a period of many years
• Cyclone


  If it occurs in the Northern Indian Ocean
• Typhoon


  If the storm happens along the Northwest Pacific
• Hurricane


  A typhoon formed in the Atlantic Ocean
• Tornado


  A mobile destructive vortex of violently rotating winds having the appearance of a funnel-shaped cloud and advancing beneath a large storm system
• Flash Flood


  A type of flood that occurs within six hours, mainly due to heavy rainfall that requires a rapid localized warning system
• Coastal Flood


  A type of flood that is usually caused by hurricanes, tropical cyclones, and others on low-lying coastal areas
• River Flood


  A type of flood that is caused by precipitation over a large catchment area, melting of snow or both which feeds a river or a river system
• Urban Flood


  A type of flood caused by the inability of the soil to absorb water due to lack of drainage
• Ice Jam


  An accumulation of ice at a natural or man-made obstruction that stops the flow of water thereby causing floods
• FIRE


  The process of oxidation of any material resulting in burning
• FIRE Category D


  Involves metals
• Oxidation


  Oxygen molecules interact with different substances in the environment
• Fire triangle


  A model that shows the three essential components that when present can start a fire and sustain it: fuel, heat and oxygen
• Stages of Fire

  1. Incipient Stage

  2. Smoldering Stage

  3. Flaming Stage
• Causes of Fire

  • Natural - lightning and volcanic activity
  • Man-made - human or machine errors (electrical wirings, unattended ignition sources, cigarettes, chemicals at home, gasoline leaks from vehicles)
• Burns


  An injury to the skin or other organic tissue primarily caused by heat or due to radiation, radioactivity, electricity, friction or contact with chemicals
• Degrees of Burns

  • First degree - affects only the outer layer of the skin called dermis. Damage is slight. The area that is burned is red and dry without any blisters.
  • Second degree - the depth of burn has reached into the dermis. Blisters are usually the first sign. Burns can reach nerve endings. Painful.
  • Third degree - the epidermis, dermis and even the underlying fat tissue are damaged. Most serious burn. The muscle and bone may be affected. The burnt area of the skin may appear white or charred.
• Basic Response Procedures During a Fire Incident (RACERS)

  1. Rescue

  2. Alarm

  3. Contain

  4. Extinguish

  5. Relocate

  6. Secure
• Agencies

  • DOST - Department of Science and Technology
  • PAG-ASA - Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
  • BFP - Bureau of Fire Protection
  • PHILVOCS - Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
  • NDRRMC - National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
  • DOH - Department of Health