week 5 and 6

• Respiration: in order to metabolize, organisms use basic mechanisms like diffusion to inhale oxygen and expel carbon dioxide.
• Aerobic Respiration: uses oxygen to produce energy from food.
• Anaerobic Respiration: does not use oxygen to breakdown food.
• Skin System: animal such as amphibians who dwell in damp environment breathe in oxygen through their moist body surface.
• Gills System: used by animals such as fishes to take in dissolved oxygen from water.
• Tracheal System: the trachea are used by animals such as insects to enable gas exchange.
• Lung System: pair of organs separated into small chambers packed with capillaries.
• Mouth and nose: opening where air enters into the respiratory system.
• Pharynx: the tube that brings air into the trachea.
• Larynx: part of the respiratory system that produces sound.
• Trachea: connects larynx and bronchi, contains epiglottis that covers the larynx.
• bronchi: connects and brings air inside the lungs.
• Lungs: contains alveoli where exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen takes place.
• Roots: carriers oxygen from the air, water and nutrients.
• Stem: used as passageway for the air, water and nutrients to pass through.
• Stromata: opening into the leaf that allows oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse.
• Guard cell: regulates the transpiration happening in the stromata.
• Skeleton: a rigid structure that provides protective and supportive framework to organisms.
• Exoskeleton: bony structure found externally.
• Endoskeleton: bony structure found internally.
• Axial: located in the median axis of the body.
• Appendicular: located at the sides of the body.
• Long bones: elongated and cylindrical. EX: tibia, fibula
• short bones: small and cubed. EX: carpals
• Irregular bones: varied shapes that permit connections with other bones.
• Round bones: circular in shape
• flat bones: platelike with broad surface
• Tendon: connects muscle to bone
• largest tendon: achilles tendon
• ligament: connects one bone to another
• cartilage: flexible connective tissue found in many areas in the bodies of humans and other animals.
• Osteoblast: responsible for secreting matrix, ostein
• Osteoclast: performs bone reabsorption
• Smooth muscle: muscle that act on the lining of the body's passageway and hollow internal organs. involuntary
• Cardiac muscles: forms the wall of the heart and responsible for the contraction of the heart. involuntary
• Skeletal muscles: muscles attached to bone that caused body movements. Voluntary
• Origin: end that does not move
• Insertion: end that moves when muscle contracts
• Adduction: moving part toward the midline
• Abduction: moving body part away from midline