science F3 2.1
Cards (16)
- Human Respiratory SystemDefinitionThe respiratory system is a respiratory system that involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases in the lungs
- The structure of the human respiratory system:
- Nasal cavityThe cavity consists of moist tissue and fine hairs
- Moisturizes the air that passes through it as well as traps dust in the air
- TracheaThe outer wall is made up of cartilage rings, while the inner wall is made up of epithelial cells with cilia and cells that secrete mucusThe cartilage ring prevents the trachea from perishing. Cilia and mucus help to trap dust and microorganisms present in the air
- BronchusTwo branches of the trachea leading to the lungsThe air continues to the left and right lungs
- Lungs
- Soft, like a sponge, as well as rich in blood vessels and alveoli
- Where the gas exchange takes place
- Rib
- Cage-shaped bones in the thoracic cavity
- Protects the lungs
- DiaphragmDome-shaped muscles when at restSeparate the piston cavity from the abdominal cavity
- Intercostal musclesMuscle tissue between two ribs. It is also known as skeletal muscleMove the ribs
- The mechanisms of the human respiratory system:
- Inhalation
- The outer intercostal muscles contract
- The ribs move up and out
- The diaphragm shrinks and flattens
- The volume of the thoracic cavity increases and the air pressure in the thoracic cavity decreases
- Air enters the lungs
- Oxygen content 21.0% and carbon dioxide 0.03%
- Exhalation
- The outer intercostal muscles relax
- Rib moving down and in
- The diaphragm relaxes and curves upwards
- The volume of the thoracic cavity decreases and the air pressure in the thoracic cavity increases
- Air is exhaled from the lungs
- Oxygen content 16.4% and carbon dioxide 4%
- AlveolusOxygen: HighCarbon Dioxide: Low
- Pulmonary blood capillariesOxygen: LowCarbon dioxide: High
- Capillary tissueOxygen: HighCarbon dioxide: Low
- Body cellsOxygen: LowCarbon dioxide: High