drr

• Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)

  Systematic efforts to minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks, to avoid, or to limit the effects of hazards
• Examples of DRR Activities


  • Building code revision and implementation
  • Hazard and vulnerability analysis
  • Zoning and land use management
  • Public awareness and education
  • Early warning systems (forecasting, etc.)
• Disaster risk reduction process


  1. Risk Identification

  2. Risk Analysis

  3. Risk Prioritization

  4. Risk Treatment

  5. Monitoring and Evaluation
• Risk Identification


  Identifies the hazards; potential threats are identified based partly on experience and records
• Risk Analysis


  Aims to establish the magnitude and the likelihood of the occurrence of the event
• Risk Prioritization


  Analyzes and identifies priority subjects (hazards, areas, and elements at risk) requiring treatment
• Risk Treatment


  Identifies the cause of the risks, identifies and evaluates treatment strategies, and prepares and implements treatment plans
• Monitoring and Evaluation


  Oversees the implementation progress of the disaster risk management process and conducts periodic investigation of progress and analysis of impact and achievement
• Mitigation Measures


  • Strengthening buildings
  • Proper timing of crop cycles
  • Restriction of activities in volcanic danger zones
  • Determining which facilities need fire-safe roofing materials
  • Implementing flood-control projects
  • Implementing land use-control laws
• Disaster Preparedness Practices


  • Planning for evacuation routes and camps
  • Logistics for providing relief supplies
  • Stockpiling of equipment and supplies
  • Promotion of public awareness through information and education campaigns
• Disaster risk reduction activities are part and parcel of the whole effort undertaken before and until long after a disastrous event
• Disaster Management


  The entire array of activities aimed at reducing the severity of impact of the disaster-causing event which are undertaken before, during, and after a disaster
• Early warnings should be easily understood
• The public could not imagine Yolanda's magnitude and proportions, even though they had been warned
• Many were not alarmed because they had survived very destructive weather events before
• They were also warned about a possible storm surge, but they did not know what it meant, let alone understood its deadly potential
• Disaster Risk Management Process


  1. Risk Identification/Assessment

  2. Hazard analysis

  3. Vulnerability analysis

  4. Determination of risk

  5. Mitigation or prevention

  6. Preparedness

  7. Emergency response (rescue, evacuation, relief)

  8. Recovery

  9. Rehabilitation

  10. Reconstruction
• Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction Management (CBDRRM)


  Empowers the people by recognizing and emphasizing the value of communities and local organizations
• Disaster preparedness should not be left solely to National Government Agencies (NGAs) as they are limited by budget and organizational capability and cannot be in disaster areas right away
• Local people and organizations can recognize and respond faster to local problems and needs
• Cost-effectiveness and sustainability of activities should be expected when these are conducted by local people
• Participants in CBDRRM


  • Government agencies
  • Individuals
  • Organizations
  • Community
• Aims of CBDRRM


  To create resilient communities which are able to reduce their vulnerabilities and exposure, and at the same time, enhance their capacities before, during, and after a disaster
• Capacity


  The ability to reduce the probability of failure through risk reduction measures, to reduce the consequences of failure, and to reduce recovery time and patterns of vulnerability during reconstruction
• Participants in CBDRRM


  • Government agencies
  • Individuals
  • Organizations
  • Community Leaders
  • Stakeholders
  • Laborers
  • Community
• CBDRRM


  • Engages communities not only in DRR, but also in all phases of the disaster management cycle
  • Tasks of decision-making and activity implementation rest primarily on local people and organizations, with the national government assuming a supportive partner's role
• Aims of CBDRRM


  • To create resilient communities which are able to reduce their vulnerabilities and exposure, and at the same time, enhance their capacities before, during, and after a disaster
  • Capacity refers to the ability to reduce the probability of failure through risk reduction measures, to reduce the consequences of failure, and to reduce recovery time and patterns of vulnerability during reconstruction
• Formulation of policies and frameworks for warning


  • Rests on the national government
  • Putting in place systems to ensure timely and effective warnings is the national government's responsibility, but communities can participate and be of help in this aspect
• Predictions and warnings


  • Are indispensable preparedness tools undertaken before a disaster strikes
  • People should be made to understand the nature and consequences of the hazards they are faced with when warnings are issued
  • The severity of hazards and the consequences of not heeding predictions and warnings should be properly explained
• Implementing sustained information and education campaigns and other preparedness measures


  • Is best done at the level of communities affected and by the community dwellers themselves
  • Emergency planning for syn- and post-disaster situations are best done right where the people who might be affected are
  • Involving people directly in monitoring and warning activities will make them better understand the hazards affecting them, and hence, be more receptive to warnings
• Educational institutions


  • Are indispensable actors in community-based DRRM
  • Students fall within the most vulnerable sectors of the population, yet they could also be the most potent agents, not only of disaster preparedness, but in all aspects of the disaster management cycle
• Involving Children and Youth


  • Children and youth are increasingly participating in CBDRM and HVCA
  • It helps them in dealing with disasters and can also enhance the resilience of their communities
  • Training their hands-on hazard, vulnerability, and capacity assessment (HVCA) techniques builds their knowledge and skills, enabling them to assess and monitor hazards, risks, vulnerabilities and capacities in their communities
  • Having them involved becomes more powerful when combined with projects that recognize poverty as key factor in vulnerability and can actively assist in reducing it