Plants

• What kingdom do plants belong to?

  Kingdom plantae.
• What is a cotyledon?

  An embryonic seed leaf.
• What is the differecne between monocots and dicots?

  Monocots have one cotyledon in their seeds, whereas, dicots have 2 cotyledons in their seeds.
• Give an example of a monocot.


  Grass.
• Give 2 examples of a dicot.

  Carrot, ash tree.
• What are the four main types of plant tissues?


  Dermal, ground, vascular and meristematic.
• What is the function of dermal tissue?


  Protection.
• What are 2 functions of ground tissue?

  Photosynthesis and support.
• What is vascular tissue?

  A transport tissue made up of xylem and phloem.
• What is the function of xylem?


  Transporting dissolved minerals and water from the roots.
• What is the function of phloem?

  Transporting food made in the leaves.
• Where is meristematic tissue found?

  In the roots and shoot tips.
• What is the difference between a shoot system and a root system?

  A shoot system is above ground and a root system is below ground.
• What are the functions of a shoot system?


  Asexual reproduction, storing glucose as starch, transport of materials, and gas exchange in the stomata + lentisils.
• Where does sexual reproduction take place?

  In the flower.
• What is the function of root hairs?

  Increase surface area for absorbtion.
• What are the 3 types of root system?

  Tap roots, fibrous roots and adventitious roots.
• What is the most common root system is dicotyledons?


  Tap root system.
• What is the most common root system in monocotyledons?

  Fibrous root system.
• What are auxins?


  Plant growth regulators which stimulate cells to grow longer.
• What is a characteristic of monocots, in relation to their colour?

  They are herbaceous, meaning green in colour and can photosynthesise.
• What are the functions of lenticels?


  Lenticels are small openings on the stem which allow for gas exchange.
• What gases ar released out of lenticels?

  H2O vapour and CO2.
• What is a vascular bundle made up of?

  The types of vascular tissue: Phloem, cambium and xylem.
• What is the function of cambium?


  To support woody tissue in dicot stems.
• What are the 2 functions of leaves?

  To carry out photosynthesis and to allow for transpiration.
• What is transpiration?


  Transpiration is when plants release water vapour through their leaves.
• Where can parallel venation be found?

  In monocots.
• Where can net venation be found?

  In dicots.
• What are the 3 characteristics of monocots?

  Fibrous root system, vascular bundles are scattered, and parallel venation.
• What are the 3 characteristics of dicots?


  Tap root system, vascular bundles are arranged, and netted venation.
• What is a petiole?


  The petiole is a stalk that attatches the leaf to the plant stem.
• What is the function of a petiole?


  Provide support.
• What are the 2 typs of xylem?

  Vessels and tracheids.
• What makes xylem a dead tissue?

  There's no nucleus found.
• What is the function of ligninin xylem tracheids?


  Strengthens the walls + structural support.
• What is the function of xylem vessels?

  Transporting water (through their pits).
• What is the function of lignin in xylem vessels?


  Strength + support.
• What are the walls of phloem made of?

  Cellulose.
• What makes phloem a living tissue?


  A nucleus is present.