Essay 1.

• Essay Question - Evaluate the significance of foreign intervention in chinese and spanish civil war
• Introduction - Insurmountable evidence that foreign intervention - aid given by one foreign entity, be it military, political, economic or otherwise support to a particular political party within a conflict - took place in both, affecting outcomes.
• SCW 1936 when Franco’s were airlifted by the German air force to Spain to carry out a military coup and ended in a victory for the nationalists 1939
• • CCW 1945 with the retreating of Japan from China and the CCP and KMT now free to direct all resources to dealing with each other, until 1949 in a victory for communists
• SCW -

  • Prior to SCW breaking out, Br/Fr advocated policy of non-intervention, subsequently nations came together to sign the non-intervention treaty, amongst 29 countries signed were Italy and Germany (first nations to carry out intervention in support of nationalists)
• SCW - Hitler supported Franco’s forces 1936, Fascist Spain would be inclined to ally with Germany and prove useful against France (also act as a distraction from Hitler’s European strategy)
• SCW -

  • Hitler sent German air force to move Army of Africa to mainland Spain, could initiate military coup overthrowing Republican gov. 
• SCW -

  • Support from Germany gave nationalists air superiority and training proved valuable
• SCW -

  • July to October German air force transported over 13,000 troops, 250kg of war materials (assisting in nationalist efforts)
• SCW -

  • German forces within Spain reformed and became Condor legion
  • Prove vital in support to nationalists aiding them advance on Madrid
• SCW -

  • Italy joined, main intention in Mussolini’s want to prepare Italian troops for upcoming war in Europe using war as an experience (as well as to gain glory)
• SCW - Italy (known as Corps of Volunteer Troops) aided advance on Madrid and Battle of Malaga (led to decisive victory) - sent material aid (1 cruiser, 4 destroyers, 2 submarines, 763 aircrafts, arms/ammunition)
• SCW -

  • Though Non-intervention treaty still stood, much less significant role was played that came from Br/USA (support to topple communism)
• SCW -

  • Br aided, Franco set signal bases in Gibraltar, and allowing German air force to fly over 
• SCW - Br

  • Navy provided information to nationalists on shipping activity, HMS Queen used to prevent Republican navy shelling port of Algeciras
• SCW -

  • Republicans had no equal support, main access to aid was alliance with USSR
  • 2000 Russian soldiers fought actively, supplied aircraft, tanks, armoured cars)
• • CCW 1945-49 only 2 foreign powers intervene (USSR - communist party and USA - nationalist)
• CCW -

  • USSR looked to surround itself with friendly neighbours and looking at spreading idea of communism elsewhere 
• CCW -

  • After Japanese retreated from Manchuria the USSR moved troops into temporarily occupy region until CCP Army under General Biao
• CCW - USSR handed amounts of arms/ammunition left behind by Japanese troops, leading to the CCP being better equipped
• CCW -

  • Otto Braun - military organiser sent by USSR allowed CCP’s messaged to be encrypted and intercept KMT messages (aided in guerilla style warfare)
• CCW - USA intended to remain neutral only lending support to KMT in form of material aid yet after CCP takeover of Manchuria (idea of communist victory came likely)
• CCW - US lent own ships/aircrafts transport troops to Manchuria, 50,000 US troops occupy Beijing
• CCW - US moved to persuade a coalition between CCP/KMT (period of talks between)