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• Sex

  The biological dimension of your gender and sexuality, referring to your "biological sex" or "physical sex"
• How to determine our sex


  Examine one's own "genital"
• Male chromosomes


  X and Y chromosomes
• Female chromosomes


  X and X chromosomes
• Hormones


  Responsible for sustaining bodily processes
• Testosterone


  Primary male hormone, produced by gonads
• Estrogen


  Primarily female hormone, responsible for stopping or starting processes that affect sexual and reproductive health
• Progesterone


  Primarily female hormone, prepares the endometrium
• Progesterone and estrogen are associated to lactation, menstruation and other female reproductive functions
• Gender


  The social dimension of one's sexuality; masculinity, femininity, etc. The keyword is behavior and treatment
• Gender during childhood becomes more complex as all are expected to stick to a specific behavior
• 60 years ago, women could not wear pants without social disapproval
• Gender expression is largely based on our social and cultural setting, each culture has different standards on how to be a man and a woman and how they should present themselves according to their sex and gender
• Gender identity


  Sense of who we are, do we see and experience ourselves as a man, a woman, or neither?
• Transgender


  A case wherein a person's biological sex does not align with one's gender identity, they may undergo gender reassignment surgery to align their physical characteristics to their gender identity
• Sexual orientation


  An aspect of our gender that pertains to our emotional and sexual attraction to a person
• Common terms or labels


  • Straight (heterosexual)
  • Gay/Lesbian (homosexual)
  • Bisexual
• In the distant past, during the dawn of civilizations, human societies have high regard for women because of the concept of "DIVINE FEMININE" or the sacredness of the woman due to her ability to conceive children, thus, women are treated equally with men. This makes societies egalitarian
• The discovery of paternity, presumably during the agricultural era, when societies began to establish communities and tame rear cattle and stocks, have also changed how societies have viewed women and men therefrom
• For the longest time, thereafter, societies have privileged men over other genders, mainly because of the preferential treatment given to them in the productive sphere. Women who have been revered due to their ability to conceive have been viewed as solely capable only of reproductive affairs
• The gender disparity was intensified by the industrial era where factors were built and men were preferred because they did not have to bear children for nine months and because of their perceived physical strength
• Patriarchy


  A system based on the control and oppression of women wherein they are perceived to be the weaker sex. It is a structure that upholds male supremacy in the law, at home, in the workplace, and in society
• What happens in patriarchy


  • Only men can inherit property and the family name (women were left with no inheritance)
  • Women are not allowed to vote or go to school, because they are viewed as a weaker sex and should not concern themselves with learning politics
• Greek philosophers like Aristotle and Plato viewed women as the inferior sex and are properties of men whose only job was to obey their husband, bear children and take care of the household. They were forbidden to learn philosophy, politics and science
• Egyptian women enjoyed higher social status because they could inherit property and engage in trade and politics
• Confucianism in China has stringent written rules that dictate how women should conduct themselves, stating that a woman should obey their father, when married she is to obey her husband, and when widowed she must obey her son
• Subtle forms of patriarchal oppression


  • Sexism
  • Gender pay gap
  • Underrepresentation in politics, military, executive position
  • Rape on woman and the stigma making woman ashamed to report the crime
  • Very conservative expectations on women on how they behave
  • Unrealistic depictions of women in fiction, often very sexualized
  • Women do more housework and childcare
  • Boys were trained to be leaders while women were trained to do housework
• Women's liberation movement, women's movement, or feminism is a continuing series of social movements that aim to challenge the patriarchal society that creates these oppressive political structures, beliefs, and practices against women
• During the 19th and 20th century, first-wave feminism spread across the western countries as women demanded for their right to vote or participate in elections and to be able to legally own property
• The women's liberation movement in Europe in the 1940s sought the right to education, right to work, and right to vote
• Feminism demands


  • Women suffrage
  • Equality in politics and society
  • Reproductive rights
  • Domestic violence
  • Sexual harassment and sexual violence
  • Right to divorce their husbands
  • Right to make decisions on her pregnancy
  • Equitable wages
  • Equal employment opportunity
• Teen pregnancy has a tremendous impact on the educational, social, and economic lives of young people. Early parenting reduces the likelihood that a young woman will complete high school and pursue the necessary post-secondary education needed to compete in today's economy
• Types of contraceptive methods


  • Birth Control Pill
  • Birth Control Injection
  • Withdrawal
  • Intrauterine Device (IUD)
  • Male condom
  • Implantable hormone device
  • Calendar method
  • Sterilization (Vasectomy, Tubal Ligation)
• Birth Control Pill


  Contains synthetic estrogen, alters natural ovulation cycle
• Birth Control Injection


  Given in the first days of the menstruation and then every 2-3 months
• Withdrawal


  Removal of the penis from the vagina before ejaculation
• Intrauterine Device (IUD)


  Inserted inside the uterus by a doctor
• Male condom


  Rolled over the penis
• Implantable hormone device


  Continuous release of hormones
• Calendar method


  Woman predicts the day of ovulation by keeping a calendar of the length or each menstrual cycle