unified style of human knowledge, beliefs, and behavior from which people learn
ability to communicate knowledge to the next generations
culture - care
cultus - civilization
"culture is a complex whole which encompasses beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything that a person learns and shares as a member of society" - edward burnett tylor
the culture wheel:
greater community
knowledge and stories
language
traditions and rituals
techniques and skills
tools and objects
the arts
food and drink
values
types:
material (tangible)
non-material (intangible)
material culture - consists of the tools, art, buildings, written records, and any other objects produces or used by humans
non-material culture - nonphysical ideas that people have about their culture, including beliefs, values, rules, norms, morals, language, organizations, and institutions
media
"middle"
often used to describe its location between the media industry or institution creating the content (sender) on one hand and the audience or channels (receivers) on the other
vehicles of channels which are used to convey information, entertainment, news, education, or promotional messages are disseminated
functions:
provides entertainment for the people
educates and informs the public
serves as a public forum to discuss important issues
acts and watchdog for government, business, and institutions
stages of media development:
oral communication
script
printing press
electronic media
digital media
oral communication - form of human communication wherein knowledge, art, ideas and cultural material is received, preserved, and transmitted orally from one generation to another
script - allowed humans to communicate over a larger space and for a much longer time
printing press
allowed continuous production, reproduction, and circulation of print materials
johannes gutenberg
electronic media
characterized by its usage of electricity
telegraph, television
digital media
utilizes digital goods
it can be created, modified, and stored in any digital electronic device
digitalized content is transmitted over the internet and computer networks
effect of globalization on culture:
cultural differentialism
cultural convergence
cultural hybridization
cultural differentialism
includes barriers that prevent flows which makes cultures the same
culture tend to be stubbornly different from one another
cultural convergence
suggests that globalization engenders a growing sameness of culture
suggests that tow cultures will be more and more like each other as their interaction increases
cultural hybridization
suggests that globalization spawns an increasing and ongoing mixing of cultures
glocalization = local + global
local culture
cultural configuration which characterize the experience of everyday life in specific, diverse, and identifiable localities
global culture
way of life that is governed by a set of ideas, beliefs, and values that are based on the exposure and consumption of cultural products uniformly produces for everyone irrespective of their background