Chapter 4

• Caraga Revolt - notable for being the first large-scale, and therefore the bloodiest, anti-Spanish uprising on record initiated by Lumad peoples.
• The Spanish fortification at Tandag, named after Saint Joseph, also referred to as the presidio of Caraga, was first built on the eastern coastline of Mindanao in 1609
• indios-a thankless job performed for very little pay
• cabecera, or mission center
• visitas or annexed villages
• backsliding (going remontado)
• ill-fated Loaisa expedition in 1526, survivors of which were found two years later by the Saavedra expedition to be living among the mandaya, or upriver dwellers
• datu Inuc of Marihatag-then regarded as the" foremost problem" of the Caraga mission-made a surprise move, on his own initiative, to make peace with the missionaries
• g caracoas or war boats,
• kncilil (Moro nobleman)
• "mangayao," or conduct a raid,
• Baganga to the south, in what is now Davao Oriental province, bordenng on terntory then recognized as belonging to the Magindanaw.
• criado, or domestic servant,
• Tandag fort's official expeditions framed as mangayao
• cobrador, or tribute collector, Gaspar de los Reyes,
• cantores (choir singers)
• panda is (carpenters)
• a sangley, or Chinese migrant worker, named Aingo,
• cartas, or letters
• ylaya, or the upriver / interior portion of the Agusan River
• old native ally named Dacsa61-the violence only escalated.
• official account or relacion
• acted out of hatred (odio)
• extramuros [outside the walls] of this city
• lethal treachery is regarded as "the ultimate form of violence"
• Maria Campan - principal of tago, like Mangabo, the main architect of the revolt. This means that she was from a family with social influence in Tago, the kind of people whose men would have become datu.
• Maria Campan was specifically referred to as a mujer, or woman, and not a doncella, or girl.
• Lumads' ritual worship of "filthy" diwata idols
• hechiceros or sorcerers
• publico y notorio, that places widely known, publicly acknowledged "facts,"
• Spanish-speaking indio from Camarines, in the Bicol region of southern Luzon, Thomas Dongon
• recogimiento-a word that ties religious devotion to being "removed" from vulgar society-as a key moral and social value in the highly patriarchal Spanish colonial milieu
• mujer recogida, or modest woman
• The word recogida itself carries broad connotations of being "collected" as a person
• modesty (recato),
• had been subjected to the fiery, public autos da fe of the Spanish InquiSition for doing much less than what Marfa Campan had done in the church at Tago.
• Recogimiento- as a female ideal therefore addresses a perceived need for internal and external discipline to mitigate what were apparently considered to be "natural" female tendencies towards wayward, dangerous behavior-not just female audacity and impudence but the absence of morality itself
• beatas, or "blessed women, -they suggest that the Iberian missionaries were not entirely opposed to female prowess, as long as it was used in the service of their agenda.
• One of these beatas was a Butuanon woman whose baptismal name was Isabel, to whom the Recoletos credited an untold number of conversions. In a report of her death in 1646, she was described as having "so much grace and g
• Moros, in fact, were routinely characterized as traidor, or treacherous, and irredeemably so, as were their Lumad allies who made life dangerous for the Recoletos and other Spaniards.