MAPEH

• Unintentional injuries

  Injuries caused mainly by accidents and things that we don't expect to happen
• Intentional injuries

  Injuries resulting from violence, can be self-inflicted or assault
• Types of intentional injuries

  • Self-inflicted (suicide, parasuicide)
  • Assault (within family, by peers, by other groups, by family/peers/other groups)
• Suicide

  Intentional taking of one's own life
• Parasuicide

  Suicide attempt in which a person does not intend to die, often a cry for help
• Signs of suicidal tendencies

  • Talking about suicide or death
  • Writing farewell letters
  • Giving away valuable things
  • Showing changes in behaviour, moods and feelings
• Domestic violence

  Act that includes physical assault, sexual abuse, and verbal abuse, used by one person in a relationship to control the other
• Domestic violence includes

  • Name-calling or put-downs
  • Keeping partner from contacting family/friends
  • Withholding money or allowance
  • Denying financial support
  • Stopping partner from getting/keeping a job
  • Actual or threatened physical harm
  • Sexual assault
  • Stalking
  • Intimidation
• Possible victims of domestic violence

  • Anyone, especially if partner is very jealous, spies, won't let partner break off relationship, hurts partner, is violent, puts partner down, forces sex, abuses drugs/alcohol, pressures partner to use drugs/alcohol, has history of bad relationships
• Children who experience domestic violence in their homes can feel helpless, scared, and upset, and may blame themselves
• Bullying

  Unwanted aggressive behaviour that is repeated or can be repeated over time, involving an imbalance of power
• Types of bullying

  • Verbal (saying/writing mean things)
  • Social/relational (hurting reputation or relationships)
  • Physical (hurting body or destroying possessions)
  • Cyber (verbal and social bullying done through technology)
• Stalking

  Pattern of behaviour that makes someone feel afraid, nervous, harassed, or in danger, involving actions that invade their privacy
• Stalking behaviours

  • Knowing schedule
  • Showing up at places
  • Sending mail, email, pictures
  • Calling/texting repeatedly
  • Contacting on social media
  • Writing letters
  • Damaging property
  • Creating websites
  • Sending gifts
  • Stealing belongings
• Extortion

  Act of using force or threats to force people to hand over money, property, or favours
• Extortion is different from robbery as it involves the fear of harm rather than immediate violence
• Gang and youth violence

  Groups of young people who engage in criminal activity and violence, often in conflict with other gangs
• Reasons for joining gangs

  • Need to belong and be included
  • Desire for adventure and excitement
  • Feeling of protection and being looked out for
• Gang members are responsible for majority of serious crimes like extortion, theft, robbery, and selling drugs, and are more likely to bring weapons to school
• Illegal fraternity-related violence

  Violence associated with fraternities, including hazing and fights with rival groups
• Hazing, which involves harassment, abuse, or humiliation, can cause physical and psychological suffering and even death, which is why it is prohibited under the Anti-Hazing Law
• Kidnapping

  Taking away or forcefully moving a person against their will and holding them in captivity, usually for a motive like ransom
• Abduction

  Using deceit or force to take a person, especially a child, away from their home or relatives, often by a parent
• Kidnapping

  Forcefully moving a person against his or her will and holding him or her in unjust captivity, usually for a motive like getting a monetary reward or ransom or getting some sort of benefit from the person or their family
• Kidnapper

  Usually a family acquaintance who knows about the family's wealth and influence or a stranger who targeted the victim based on their outward appearance of wealth or information given to the kidnapper from someone who knows the victim intimately such as a household employee
• Abduction

  The use of deceit or force in order to take a person or a child away from their homes or relatives, usually because the abductor feels the child's welfare and best interests are at risk or that the child will be gone completely from his or her life
• Abductor

  Usually not holding the victim for profit or monetary gain, may be a parent with an emotional disorder or seeking revenge
• Acts of terror/Terrorism

  The use of violence for political goals and putting the public or a great number of people in fear, to draw attention to the terrorists' cause
• Types of terrorism

  • State terrorism
  • Bioterrorism
  • Cyber terrorism
  • Eco-terrorism
  • Nuclear terrorism
  • Narco-terrorism
• Verbal abuse

  A form of cruelty that involves the use of words to attack, control and cause harm on another person, including angry outbursts, screaming, rage and name-calling
• Incest

  Sexual contact between persons who are closely related, where a marriage between them is considered illegal
• Molestation

  The sexual abuse of a person, whether a child or an adult, by an adult for sexual pleasure or profit, including fondling, mutual masturbation, sodomy, child pornography and child prostitution
• Rape

  Forced sexual intercourse, including vaginal, anal or oral penetration, where one or both people are not old enough to consent, do not have the capacity to consent, or did not agree to take part
• Suicide prevention strategies

  1. Speak to the person, express concern, offer help

  2. Act fast and take the suicide attempt seriously
• Strategies to prevent becoming a victim of assault and abuse

  • Use strong body language and direct eye contact
  • Trust your intuition and sense of danger
  • Develop self-esteem and assertiveness
• Intentional injuries are violent actions and behaviors that are considered crimes because of the damage to the victims' physical, mental, social, emotional and moral/spiritual health
• As an adolescent, you are protected by the government against the dangers of intentional injuries, but it is still your responsibility to protect yourself and be aware of what to do if victimized
• There is a need to promote a culture of non-violence to prevent contributing to violence and abuse