ST1 FINALS

• Kidneys - These are two bean-shaped organs that is about the size of a fist which filter extra water and wastes out of the blood and make urine.
• Awareness Ribbon - This potent symbol shows support and remembrance, and raise awareness for a specific cause, usually related to health and medical conditions, or social issues.
• Urea - A waste product resulting from the breakdown of protein in the body.
• Nephrology - A medical specialty concerned with the kidneys and especially with their structure, functions, or diseases.
• Kidney Stones - These are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside your kidneys.
• Urination - The process of emptying urine from the storage organ, namely, the urinary bladder.
• Edema - Medical term for swelling caused by too much fluid trapped in the body's tissues.
• Ultrasound - The imaging modality used in the evaluation of acute or chronic renal failure, sometimes supplemented with Doppler ultrasonography.
• Ureters - Transport urine from kidneys to urinary bladder.
• Urology - The branch of medicine that focuses on surgical and medical diseases of the urinary-tract system and the reproductive organs.
• Adipose capsule - A fatty tissue surrounding the renal capsule. It protects the kidneys and keeps them in place.
• Nephron -  The basic structural and functional unit of the kidney.
• Urinalysis - This screens for the presence of protein and blood in the urine.
• Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) - A procedure using a thin telescopic instrument called a nephroscope. A small cut (incision) is made in your back and the nephroscope is passed through it and into your kidney.
• Nocturia -  Urination especially excessive at night.
• Creatinine Blood Test - This test measures the level of creatinine in the blood.
• Nocturnal Emission - Also known as wet dream, a spontaneous orgasm during sleep that includes ejaculation for a male, or vaginal lubrication and/or an orgasm for a female.
• Glomerulus - This structure facilitates easy passage of small molecules from blood to the glomerular capsule.  
• Urithritis - Inflammation of the urethra.
• Cystitis - Also called bladder infection, is a very common type of urinary tract infection in which the urinary bladder becomes infected by bacteria (typically Escherichia coli), rarely by fungi.
• Urethra -  Short tube that carries urine to the outside of the body.
• Renal fascia - A connective tissue layer that helps adhere the kidneys to surrounding structures.
• Coma - A state of profound unconsciousness caused by disease, injury, or poison.
• Erythropoietin - A glycoprotein hormone, naturally produced by the peritubular cells of the kidney, that stimulates red blood cell production.
• Diabetic nephropathy - A progressive kidney disease caused by damage to the capillaries in the glomeruli of the kidneys due to long-standing diabetes mellitus.
• Polycystic Kidney Disease - A genetic disorder in which multiple abnormal cysts develop and grow in the kidneys.
• Renal medulla -  The inner region of the kidneys.
• Dialysis - A type of treatment that helps your body remove extra fluid and waste products from your blood when the kidneys are not able to.
• Uric acid - A waste product that is created when your body breaks down chemicals called purines in food and drinks.
• Bladder - Stores urine and expels it into the urethra when necessary.
• Hyperglycemia - A medical term for high blood glucose (blood sugar).
• Hypoglycemia - Also called low blood sugar, occurs when the level of glucose in your blood drops below what is healthy for you. 
• Autoclave - Used to decontaminate certain biological waste and sterilize media, instruments, and lab ware.
• Nephrectomy - The surgical removal of a kidney.
• Renal pelvis - The center of the kidney where urine collects before leaving the kidneys.
• Urinary Incontinence

  • A chronic problem of uncontrolled leakage of urine.
  • It is very common, especially at older ages especially in women.
• Ptosis - Kidneys drops a lower position
• Pyuria - Pus in the urine
• Hematuria - Blood in the urine
• Albuminuria - Too much albumin in your urine.