DRRR - FINALS

• The perceptible shaking of the surface, resulting from sudden release of energy

  Earthquake
• Process of Mantle convection?


  The rise and fall of molten material

  Kinetic energy

  Potential energy, if too much

  Kinetic energy, then it releases a

  seismic waves, resulting into

  earthquake
• Types of natural earthquake?

  Tectonic

  Volcanic
• Tectonic occurs in the plate boundaries and along faults
• Volcanic is produced by the movement of magma beneath volcanoes
• Ground shaking refers to the disruptive up and down and sideways motion during an earthquake
• Fault is a fracture on which one body of rocks slides past another
• Types of fault?

  Shallow and Blind
• Types of seismic waves?

  Body waves and surface waves
• This seismic waves occurs inside of the earth?

  Body waves
• This seismic waves occurs on the surface of the earth?

  Surface waves
• Two types of body waves

  Primary - Travel through solid, liquid, and gas

  Secondary - Travel through solids only
• Two types of Surface waves

  Rayleigh waves - paikot

  Love waves- side to side
• Intensity is the degree of shaking
• Magnitude measures the energy released at the source of the earthquake
• How to measure ground shaking?

  Velocity

  Acceleration

  Duration

  Frequency center of shaking
• Ground rupture is the creation of new or the renewed movement of old fracturs
• Liquefaction?


  takes place when loosely packed/water-logged sediments at/or near the ground surface lose their strength in response to strong ground shaking.
• This is the most dangerous type of liquefaction and it occurs on liquefable slope material with steepness greater than 3 degrees?

  Flow failure
• Lateral speed


  Blocks or broken pieces of the flat or very gentle grounds above liquefied zone move laterally
• Water and wet sand are ejected through the fissures that form conical-shape mounds of sand at the surface. What type of liquefaction is this?

  Ground Oscillation
• Loss of bearing strength results into the tilting of houses and floating of buoyant that are anchored on the liquefied structures zone
• Ph is prone to disasters du to: ?


  Pacific ring of fire

  Ph Fault zone

  Pacific typhoon belt

  Surrounded by big warm body of water
• Disaster risk - the probability that a community's structure or geographic area is to be damaged
• Disaster is a sudden, calamitous occurrence that causes great harm, injury, destrction and devastation to ife