RAW

• False Dilemma/ False Dichotomy

  Despite the presence of multiple possibilities, an arguer presents his/her argument as one of only two options
• Appeal to Ignorance

  Just because it is not proven to be false, and vice versa, something is instantly concluded to be true
• Slippery Slope

  When a series of increasingly superficial and unacceptable consequence is drawn
• Complex Question

  The reader is expected to either accept or reject both two or more points that are rolled into one at the same time
• Appeal to Force

  Instead of reasoning, a threat is used to argue
• Appeal to Pity

  Pity is used instead of logical reasoning
• Appeal to Consequences

  To show that the belief is false, there is an unpleasant consequence of believing something are pointed out
• Bandwagon

  Just because it is what the majority thinks, an argument is considered to be valid
• Attacking the Person

  Instead of attacking the ideas of the argument, you attack the character of the

  person
• Appeal to Authority

  Occurs when a person is not actually a legitimate expert on the subject matter; occurs also when you assert your own expertise

   
• Anonymous Authority

  The authority in the statement is not mentioned or name
• Hasty Generalization

  The sample is not significant or enough to support a generalization about a population
• False Analogy

  When a writer assumes that two concepts that are similar in some ways are also similar in other ways
• Accident

  Even if a general rule should be an exception, it is still applied to a situation

   
• Post Hoc

  A is the cause of B since event A happened before event B
• Wrong Direction

  There is reverse in direction between cause and effect
• Complex Cause

  Even when there are other factors which also contributed to the event, the explanation is reduced to one thing
• Irrelevant Conclusion

  The argument which is supposed to prove something concludes something else instead
• Straw Man

  The position of the opposition is twisted so that it is easier to refute
• Affirming the Consequent

  If argument A is true then argument B is true; or

  If argument B is true, therefore argument A is true
• Denying the Antecedent

  If argument A is true then argument B is true; or

  if argument A is not true then argument B is not true
• Inconsistency

  The arguments contradict one another
• Ted Nelson

  coined the term "Hypertext" in 1963
• World Wide Web

  www.
• Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

  also known as a web address
• Intertextuality is said to take place using four specific methods:

  1. Retelling
  2. Quotation
  3. Allusion
  4. Pastiche
• Retelling

  it is the restatement of a story or re-expression of a narrative
• Quotation

  method of directly lifting the exact same statements from a text made by another author
• Allusion

  a writer implicitly or explicitly pertains to an idea or passage found in another text without quotation
• Pastiche

  a text developed in a way that it copies the style or other properties of another text without making fond of it unlike a parody
• Critical reading is necessary for judging the text's reliability through the study of

  implicit and explicit information.
• • Explicit information is any idea that is stated or found in the text.
• • If something is implied (or implicit), the text is being suggested through the text's details, which serves as a clue to get the right meaning of the text.
• Book Review

  describes and evaluates a work of fiction or nonfiction and offers the book's overall purpose, structure, style of narration to the unknown readers
• Literature Review

  a type of academic essay that examines what has already been written about a topic.
• Research Report

  a long formal essay, usually five to fifteen pages in length, which presents the writer's views and findings on a chosen subject.
• Project Proposal

  a document that is written for problem solving, service provision, event planning, or equipment selling.
• Position Paper

  a composition that highlights athen opinion of an author or specific entity about an issue.