Distillation + Drinking water

• What does simple distillation do?

  It separates impure solutions.
• How does simple distillation work?

  When the temperature of the water reaches more than 100C, the salt water boils and evaporates so the temperature rises. The gas condenses and becomes a liquid. This is when the liquid is recovered in the beaker and this liquid is called pure water.
• What is the problem with simple distillation?

  It can only be used to separate things with different boiling points.
• What is the equipment used for simple distillation and provide a diagram.

  -beaker

  -Bunsen burner

  -thermometer

  -condenser

  -sea water

  
• What does fractional distillation do?

  Separates many mixtures in a substance usually with similar boiling points.
• How does fractional distillation work?

  When the mixture is heated, vapour rises through a column which is hot at the bottom and cooler at the top. The vapour condenses when it reaches a part of the column that is below the temperature of their boiling point. The different liquids are collected from different parts of the column.
• What is the equipment used for this experiment and provide a diagram.


  -Bunsen burner

  -thermometer

  -condenser

  -fractioning column filled with glass rods

  
• What is potable water?

  Water made clean for human consumption.
• What are the steps in potable water?

  Filtration, sedimentation, chlorination.
• What does filtration do when cleaning water?

  Large insolubles are removed by passing the water through layers of sand and gravel filters that trap large particles.
• What does sedimentation do when cleaning water?

  Large insoluble particles sink to the bottom of the tank of water and sulfate of metals is added to help the particles clump together.
• What does chlorination do when cleaning water?

  It kills bacteria and microorganisms which are too small to be trapped by the filters.
• What precautions should be taken in a distillation experiment?


  -The apparatus should be set properly.
• What are the hazards and risks when purifying water?


  -wear eye protection to reduce risks of acid irritation.

  -Allow hot apparatus time to cool so you don't get burned.