Eteks

• Utilitarianism - is the moral doctrine that asserts that we should always act so as to produce the greatest possible rat good to evil for everyone concerned.
• Utilitarianism - has a special place in the hearts of students who are taking up politics, civic, and sociology for it is the philosophy underlying the modern welfare state.
• Jeremy Bentham - Believed that traditional morality was superstition ridden.
• Intensity - The less intense the pleasure of an action, the less valuable that action is.
• Duration - the pleasure caused by an act must also be taken into account when assessing the goodness of the act.  
• certainty - criteria refers to the probability of the pleasure resulting from the act.
• Propinquity - The more distant the benefits, either space or time, the less weight we should give them in making our decisions.
• 5. Fecundity - This refers to the likelihood that the pleasures or pains that it causes will be followed by similar pleasures or pains.
• Purity - An act that causes only pleasure is better than one that causes the same amount of pleasure mixed with a little pain.
• Extent - The more people enjoy the pleasure, the better. (This criterion was added by John Stuart Mill.)
• JOHN STUART MILL - he disagreed with Jeremy Bentham's philosophy on pleasure, considering it too simplistic.
• First point - utilitarians, in speaking of right and wrong acts, refer to those over which we exercise control, those that are voluntary.
• Second point - in referring to the greatest possible ratio of good to evil, utilitarianism does not indicate a preference for immediate or remote good.
• Third point - to determine the greatest possible ration of good to evil for everyone, we must consider unhappiness or pain as well as happiness.
• Fourth point - if you are choosing between actions, one of which you should prefer over the other, choose the one that produces the greatest net happiness.
• Act Utilitarianism - ooks at the consequences of each individual act and calculates utility each time the act is performed.
• Rule Utilitarianism - Looks at the consequences of having everyone follow a particular rule and calculates the overall utility of accepting or rejecting the rule.